The terrible triad of the elbow consists of radial head fracture and coronoid process fracture in addition to posterior dislocation of the elbow. It indicates high-risk complications such as instability, malunion, nonunion, and proximal radioulnar synostosis. We describe a rare case that was admitted to the emergency service with a terrible triad of the elbow with additional capitellum fracture, lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury, and ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture. We treated the patient urgently by performing osteosynthesis of the humeral shaft fracture, radial head fracture, coronoid fracture, capitellum fractures, and repair of the LCL rupture. The terrible triad of the elbow also can be accompanied by adjacent column fractures, including the humeral shaft. In such complex cases, preoperative planning should be done well, and the entire anatomy should be demonstrated with additional imaging. Optimal treatment of all the fractured bones and ligaments is critical for early rehabilitation. The main aim of surgery is to acquire desired results by starting an early rehabilitation, including joint movement.

Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome is a rare, often benign, autosomal dominant skin disorder. This syndrome commonly presents with non-tender connective tissue nevi and sclerotic bony lesions. Characteristic skeletal findings such as melorheostosis and hyperostosis are usually present. Most cases are detected incidentally. Skin lesions appear first and become less noticeable with age. Bone lesions occur in the later decades of life. Another rarely associated symptom, melorheostosis, is manifested by the appearance of wax running through the cortex of the bone. Plain radiographs usually show cortical hyperostosis. This study aims to present a case report of Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome from an orthopedic aspect and emphasize the importance of the disease since it can be easily assessed as a bone tumor. Second, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case presented with a unilateral genu valgum deformity with a long-term follow-up in the relevant literature.

Gorham-Stout disease causes gradual bone loss (osteolysis) due to an abnormal overgrowth of lymphatic vessels. This rare disease is usually seen in younger people. The etiopathology of Gorham-Stout disease remains unclear. The disease is pathologically characterized by the proliferation of the vascular or lymphatic vessels and, finally, bone matrix destruction. These pathological changes lead to the presence of massive osteolysis on plain radiographs. Thus, plain radiograph findings may lead physicians to consider tumoral conditions, especially metastasis. There are several other conditions on the differential diagnosis list of massive osteolysis, such as metabolic, infectious, malignant, and immunological conditions. After excluding all possible disorders, the disease can be considered in the differential diagnosis. The treatment of the disease is symptom-based, but there is no consensus. Pharmacological methods should be considered first-line treatment. If there is no regression in the course of the disease despite pharmacological treatment, radiotherapy and resection arthroplasty are the treatment of choice in the later stages. In this case report, we present a case of Gorham-Stout disease, which was treated by pharmacological methods. During the one and half year follow-up, the local control of the disease was achieved without any surgical intervention.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, especially in younger patients. Diagnosis is based on the combined evaluation of radiological, clinical, and pathological examinations. It is usually located in the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. The fibula is a rare localization for osteosarcoma. Surgery in this region is challenging due to the complex anatomic structures around the knee. Especially the peroneal nerve, lateral collateral ligament (LCL), and popliteal vessel branches are of critical importance. However, additional structures such as the arcuate ligament, biceps femoris, and iliotibial band play an essential role in the stabilization of the knee. Thus, these structures must be protected as much as possible. This case report aims to present the diagnosis and treatment process of conventional osteosarcoma in the proximal fibula, which was located close to the peroneal nerve and required LCL reconstruction after the resection.