This research tested questions related to Cheek and Buss's (1981) prediction that sociability moderates the relation between shyness and dysfunction interaction. In Study 1, a confirmatory factor analysis of Shyness and Sociability scales revealed that these factors are more inversely related than previously recognized. In Study 2, the relations of shyness, sociability, and gender and their interactions with dysfunctional behavior were tested during a conversation with an opposite-sex partner. Using analyses that tested the unique influence of each variable, the results failed to confirm that shy-sociable Ss evidenced more dysfunctional behavior than shy low-sociable Ss. Instead, shyness was the most consistent predictor of behavioral, physiological, and cognitive indexes of anxiety, and shy men were more dysfunctional on some criteria. In particular, shyness differences in perceived visibility of one's nervous behaviors are discussed relative to the role of cognition in shyness.Recent theoretical presentations by Buss (1980), Briggs (1985), and Cheek, Melchior, and Carpentieri (1986 and empirical investigations by Briggs (1988), Cheek and Buss (1981), and Jones, Briggs, and Smith (1986 have clarified the concep-

An international collaborative study was conducted on an HPLC method with fluorescent detection (FLD) for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins in materials containing chocolate and cocoa. The sum of the oligomeric fractions with degree of polymerization 1-10 was the determined content value. Sample materials included dark and milk chocolates, cocoa powder, cocoa liquors, and cocoa extracts. The content ranged from approximately 2 to 500 mg/g (defatted basis). Thirteen laboratories representing commercial, industrial, and academic institutions in six countries participated in the study. Fourteen samples were sent as blind duplicates to the collaborators. Results from 12 laboratories yielded repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values that were below 10% for all materials analyzed, ranging from 4.17 to 9.61%. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) values ranged from 5.03 to 12.9% for samples containing 8.07 to 484.7 mg/g. In one sample containing a low content of flavanols and procyanidins (approximately 2 mg/g), the RSD(R) was 17.68%. Based on these results, the method is recommended for Official First Action for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins in chocolate, cocoa liquors, powder(s), and cocoa extracts.

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The complex behavior underlying color expression in this broad family of natural dyes is revealed through multi-scale simulations in excellent agreement with experimental spectra.