In the race against climate change, aiming for low-carbon competitiveness, Flanders has initiated a carbon neutrality strategy on industrial parks, building towards energy efficient buildings and processes, acting as a stimulus for the production and consumption of green electricity. However, premises and internal process optimisation on industrial parks is not considered sufficient to limit greenhouse emissions in Flanders. Structural transition is called for, aiming for industrial clustering and energy autonomy based on renewables. Therefore, the concept of industrial symbiosis is analysed to determine how it could improve the energy-related carbon management on industrial parks. This article explores the literature on industrial symbiosis and eco-industrial parks searching for specific energy strategies, and is illustrated with case studies. Energy management on industrial parks can be integrated in the entire development process and park management. Maximising efficiency is a promising local optimisation issue, in which business should be engaged, stimulated and facilitated. By clustering buildings and processes, by energy exchange, collective production and joint contracting of energy services, local synergies can be intensified. Yet, uncertainty and variability in time of energy consumption can keep developers from tailoring industrial park design and utilities. Instead flexibility and solidity could be gained, and the offer of business space could be diversified, supported by a persevering issuing procedure to join similar and matching energy profiles. Energy management on industrial parks in Flanders has only recently started but is expected to gain professionalism. However further research is needed on this flexible design and thermal planning.

The industrial park of Herdersbrug (Brugge, Flanders, Belgium) comprises 92 small and medium-sized enterprises, a waste-to-energy incinerator, and a power plant (not included in the study) on its site. To study the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) neutrality of the park, we made a park-wide inventory for 2007 of the CO 2 emissions due to energy consumption (electricity and fossil fuel) and waste incineration, as well as an inventory of the existing renewable electricity and heat generation. The definition of CO 2 neutrality in Flanders only considers CO 2 released as a consequence of consumption or generation of electricity, not the CO 2 emitted when fossil fuel is consumed for heat generation. To further decrease or avoid CO 2 emissions, we project and evaluate measures to increase renewable energy generation.The 21 kilotons (kt) of CO 2 emitted due to electricity consumption are more than compensated by the 25 kt of CO 2 avoided by generation of renewable electricity. Herdersbrug Industrial Park is thus CO 2 neutral, according to the definition of the Flemish government. Only a small fraction (6.6%) of the CO 2 emitted as a consequence of fossil fuel consumption (heat generation) and waste incineration is compensated by existing and projected measures for renewable heat generation.Of the total CO 2 emission (149 kt) due to energy consumption (electricity + heat generation) and waste incineration on the Herdersbrug Industrial Park in 2007, 70.5% is compensated by existing and projected renewable energy generated in the park. Forty-seven percent of the yearly avoided CO 2 corresponds to renewable energy generated from waste incineration and biomass fermentation.

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Innovating in a complex corporate context requires managing novelty, risk and uncertainty within an environment that strives for stability, efficiency and profitability on a daily basis. Resolving this conflict confront innovation project (IP) managers with extraordinary difficulties, which are normally addressed using classical project management methods and tools. This paper proposes an approach to analyze and capitalize the power of different project management methods within one IP in order to increase both the probability of success and speed to success. This is achieved based on the classification of project tasks and subtasks according to their uncertainty levels with respect to the design problem and the solution. The success of work packages is assessed against pre-defined output criteria. This methodological approach is complemented by the stakeholder dimension, which takes into consideration the involved stakeholders as well as their relationships and influences in the project. The analysis of an ongoing IP at a leading global industrial player in the life science industry serves as validation platform for the presented tool set.