Remediation of mining waste deposited along the margins of Silver Bow Creek as a result of historic mining was evaluated in a multi-year research project funded cooperatively by the State of Montana, EPA, and ARCO Coal. The objective of the Streambank Tailings and Revegetation Study (STARS) was to evaluate the environmental performance of base addition, deep mixing techniques, and revegetation relative to the fate and transport of key metals of concern at the site. This paper summarizes the effect of lime amendments and revegetation on potential leaching of metals into groundwater, and runoff and erosion from streambank areas contaminated with tailings. Water flux in the unreclaimed and revegetated tailings was simulated using UNSAT2. Results of modeling water flux in the vadose zone indicated that 3 to 8 cm of groundwater recharge occurs in an average year in untreated tailings. Revegetation alters the site water balance so that groundwater recharge is unlikely. The amount of metals that migrate into surface water during high-intensity summer thunderstorms was predicted for existing conditions and for lime-treated and revegetated tailings. The US Department of Agriculture GLEAMS model was used to predict long-term runoff and erosion from the site. A three-year GLEAMS simulation indicated that STARS treatments would decrease runoff by 2 to 3-fold, and would change the timing of runoff. On the existing tailings, runoff was predicted intermittently from March through September. On reclaimed areas, runoff was predicted only in March and April when Silver Bow Creek provides more dilution. Substantial reductions in metal loading could be achieved due to reduction in runoff from midsummer thunderstorms which are historically associated with fish kills.