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The integration of the location of activities in space and the use of transport has been a theoretical planning issue for many years. However, most books on this subject treat each component of the land use and transportation system with different, sometimes even conflicting, theories. The purpose of this book is to present the issue in the light of a single and consistent theoretical framework, that of random utility theory and discrete choice models. This is achieved in a methodical way, reviewing microeconomic theory related to the use of space, spatial interaction models, entropy maximising models, and finally, random utility theory. Emphasis is given to the concepts of decision chains and hierarchies. Spatial input-output models are also discussed, followed by chapters specifically dealing with the location of activities, the land market and the transport system. The book ends with the description of a number of real case studies to show how the theory can be used in practice.

Three land use and transport interaction models were applied to the Sacramento, California, region by various teams of researchers. The results of these efforts were compared with each other and with the traditional transport demand model used by the regional government. The results of the modeling efforts are compared, with the focus being on how the design of the modeling frameworks and their application influenced the modeling results. A trend scenario was compared with three different policy scenarios: one that involved high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane construction, one that added beltway construction as well as HOV construction, and a third that involved light rail construction and limited pricing of automobile use. The results differ among the different models for the trend scenario, as well as for each model with respect to scenario-to-trend comparisons. The results show some of the limitations of aggregate models calibrated to cross-sectional data. The differences between the models provide important insight into how models should be calibrated and how their results should be used. Uncertainty in land use transport interaction models seems inevitable, and further research should investigate how such modeling frameworks should best be used to understand the influence of policy in the face of uncertain futures.

This study demonstrates the sequential linking of two types of models to permit the comprehensive evaluation of regional transportation and land use policies. First, we operate an integrated urban model (TRANUS), which represents both land and travel markets with zones and networks. The travel and land use projections from TRANUS are outlined, to demonstrate the general reasonableness of the results, as this is the ®rst application of a market-based urban model in the US. Second, the land use projections for each of the 58 zones in the urban model were fed into a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based land allocation model, which spatially allocates the several land uses within each zone according to simple accessibility rules. While neither model is new, this is one of the ®rst attempts to link these two types of models for regional policy assessments. Other integrated urban models may be linked to other GIS land allocation models in this fashion. Pairing these two types of models allows the user to gain the advantages of the urban models, which represent spatial competition across a region and produce measures of user welfare (traveler and locator surplus), and the advantages of the GIS land allocation models, which produce detailed land use maps that can then be used for environmental impact assessment. #

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