Plastic is a relatively cheap, durable and versatile material. Plastic products have brought benefits to society in terms of economic activity, jobs and quality of life. Plastics can even help reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in many circumstances, even in some packaging applications when compared to the alternatives [Mudgal et al. 2011]. However, plastic waste also imposes negative environmental externalities. It is usually non-biodegradable and therefore can remain as waste in the environment for a very long time; it may pose risks to human health as well as the environment; and
VIČANOVÁ, M., TOMAN, F., STEJSKAL, B., MAŠÍČEK, T., KNOTEK, J., KOTOVICOVÁ, J.: Rate of water infi ltration into soil on a selected location at Žabčice during the growing season 2008. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2010, LVIII, No. 5, pp. 399-406 Purpose of currently running research, which is part of research program Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change at Faculty of Agronomy, is mapping of progress in water infi ltration on selected areas at Žabčice locality and to specify possibilities of a water accumulation and retention infl uence in a landscape. During of the fi rst year of measurement (2008), from April to November, has proceeded fi eld measurement of soil infi ltration ability at Žabčice locality. To get statistically conclusive results, measurement runs in three repetitions and data are subsequently averaged. Three sets of homocentric metal cylinders were used for the measurement. Measurement of infi ltration has been preceded by an overfl ow. Empirical equations according to Kosťjak were used for evaluation of fi eld measurement. At the same time there were ensured intact soil samples for laboratory determination of soil physical properties using Kopecky cylinders at depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm, and for the calculation of selected hydro-physical parameters of soil. reduced volume weight, actual monture, porosity, aeration and other. Graphical presentation presents process of speed infi ltration and cumulative infi ltration on selected area Niva IV. A. Non-homogeneity of measured values could be induced by several diff erent factors.water infi ltration, retention capacity of soils, Kosťjak equationInfi ltrace je pochod, kterým se v našem klimatickém pásmu dostává většina srážkové vody do půdy a vytváří zde zásoby půdní a podzemní vody. Jde o důležitou problematiku zejména v souvislosti s klimatickými změnami, kdy je potřeba zpomalit odtok vody z pozemků, podpořit vsak vody do půdy, a tím zvýšit retenční schopnost půd a také omezit ztráty půdy způsobené vodní erozí. Důležitost pří-tomnosti vody v půdě podtrhuje fakt, že všechny procesy v půdě jsou s vodou úzce spjaty, a ta je spolu se vzduchem, živinami a teplem hlavní podmínkou půdní úrodnosti.Cílem probíhajícího výzkumu, který je součástí etapy výzkumného záměru Agronomické fakulty Biologické a technologické aspekty udržitelnosti řízených ekosystémů a jejich adaptace na změnu klimatu je zmapovat průběh infi ltrace na vybraných pozemcích v lokalitě Žabčice a zjistit akumulaci a retenci vody v krajině. MATERIÁL A METODY Charakteristika územíŽabčice se nacházejí v okrese Brno-venkov v Jihomoravském kraji. Leží přibližně 25 kilometrů jižně od Brna. Terénní měření bylo prováděno na pozemku Niva -IV. A, Školního zemědělského podniku Žabčice. Území, na kterém se zájmový pozemek nachází, leží v katastru Nosislav, je rovinného charakteru, průměrné nadmořské výšky 185 m n. m. (Flekalová a kol., 2006). V blízkosti se nacházejí dvě vodoteče, jedna v bezprost...
Evaluation of the vulnerability of agricultural land by water erosion, including the erosion control measures design, was done using the geographic information systems (GIS) on example of the cadastral area Rovečné, the Czech Republic. Analytical operations that lead to evaluation of the basic runoff and especially erosion rates according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were made in ArcGIS 10 Desktop, the software product ArcInfo using a set of integrated software applications ArcMap, ArcCatalog and user interface ArcToolbox, and also using programs LS-converter and USLE2D. The potential loss of soil by water erosion was determined before and after erosion control measures design. The proposed measures should improve the current situation and contribute to preservation of agricultural activity in this area in a form close to the current situation.Key words: cadastral area Rovečné, water erosion, USLE, ArcGIS, LS-converter, USLE2DSouhrn: Vyhodnocení ohroženosti zemědělské půdy vodní erozí včetně návrhu protierozních opatření za využití geografických informačních systémů (GIS) je demonstrováno na příkladu katastrálního území Rovečné nacházejícího se v České republice. Analytické operace vedoucí k vyhodnocení základních odtokových a především erozních poměrů dle univerzální rovnice ztráty půdy (USLE) byly provedeny v programu ArcGIS 10 Desktop, v softwarovém produktu ArcInfo pomocí sady integrovaných softwarových aplikací ArcMap, ArcCatalog a uživatelského rozhraní ArcToolbox a dále v programech LS-converter a USLE2D. Potenciální ztráta půdy vodní erozí byla stanovena před a po návrhu protierozních opatření. Navrženými opatřeními by mělo dojít ke zlepšení stávajícího stavu a zároveň k udržení zemědělské činnosti na tomto území v podobě blízké současnému stavu.
The aim of this paper was to compare the rate of infiltration and cumulative infiltration in permanent grassland (PG) and in arable land over the course of the 2011 growing season. The measurement of water infiltration into soil was conducted via ponded infiltration method based on the use of two concentric cylinders in field conditions. Kostiakov equations were applied to evaluate the ponded infiltration. Based on field measurements, the dependence of infiltration rate (v) on time (t) was determined and also the dependence of cumulative infiltration (i) on time (t). In order to determine physical properties of soil and carry out a grain size analysis, intact soil samples of plough layer from the depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm were collected using Kopecký cylinders along with individual infiltration attempt in each measurement carried out on experimental plots. In order to assess the infiltration capacity of soil on experimental plots, four measurements were conducted, each with three repetitions. Infiltration attempts were held on May 12, June 28, August 24 and October 6, 2011. On average, a faster water infiltration into soil and a higher cumulative infiltration during the 2011 growing period were detected in arable land. The soil’s initial water content has proven to be the crucial factor affecting the rate of water infiltration into soil in case of PG; in case of arable land, it was bulk density indicating the soil’s compaction. The PG showed a more balanced course of infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration values during the growing season. Arable land is characterized by a greater dispersion of measured values between individual measurement dates.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.