Targeting groups of disadvantaged schools: Clustering and latent profile analysis 5.1. Grouping schools based on achievement 5.2. Methodology of schools grouping 5.3. Creating groups of the most similar schools in terms of an average score 5.4. Identification of the characteristics of each group of schools 5.5. The impact of selected characteristics on students' performance within the groups 5.6. Latent school profiles 5.7. Conclusive group characteristics across methods 6. Quality of Early Childhood Education in Jordan and Lebanon 6.1. Nurseries in Jordan and Lebanon 6.2. Kindergartens 6.3. EGRA results 7. Recovering from the COVID-19 crisis in Jordan and Lebanon 7.1. The digital gap in distance education 7.2. The COVID-19 impact on students in Jordan and Lebanon 7.3. Accessing the Internet and appropriate devices -the first dimension of the digital gap 7.4. Lack of appropriate skills to use available devices for education purposes -the second dimension of the digital gap 7.5. Preparing schools and teachers for remote teaching -the third dimension of the digital gap 7.6. Social problems related to remote education during COVID-19 7.7. Summary and conclusions 7.8. Recommendations 8. Summary References Annex: Detailed results for regression and decomposition analyses 300 350 400 450 500 550

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