IntroductionUltrasonography is used routinely during pregnancy to screen and detect fetal abnormalities. However, there are some conditions like anhydramnios (a prevalent state in renal agenesis) or maternal obesity that may limit the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging has proven to be useful when ultrasound alone is insufficient to make a correct diagnosis.Case presentationWe present the case of a 22-year-old Caucasian woman who was admitted to our unit at the 26th week of gestation for a detailed anatomy scan. Anhydramnios and failure to visualize the kidneys, bladder and renal vessels were confirmed with the use of sonography in our department. Since the lack of amniotic fluid limited the acoustic window for fetal ultrasonography, a magnetic resonance imaging scan was requested to confirm suspected renal agenesis. A fetal magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed and confirmed the suspected diagnosis. A baby boy was born by breech vaginal delivery after spontaneous onset of labor at the 34th week of gestation. The boy weighed 1690g, with Apgar scores of 6 and 4 at two and five minutes respectively, and died one hour after delivery. The diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis was confirmed on autopsy.ConclusionsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential contribution of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnostic procedure after inconclusive ultrasound examination during the assessment of fetal urinary tract abnormalities in the third trimester.

BaCKground: Optic disc pit (ODP) is a congenital anomaly characterized by indented area of the optic nerve head most likely originating from the incomplete closure of the superior edge of the embryonic fissure. Maculopathy can occasionally complicate this anomaly as intra-retinal and sub-retinal fluid at the macula. In result, maculopathy is associated with a poor visual prognosis due to a serous macular detachment, formation of macular hole, or atrophy of the retinal pigmented epithelium. In this case series, we report of three patients with unilateral ODP. Case report: We attempted to analyze the morphologic changes seen in the ODP and evaluate patients with a complete ophthalmologic evaluation, fundus color photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of globe and orbit. Magnetic resonance imaging scan was done for optic disc diameter (ODD) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). ConCLusion: We noticed that in the patient who presented with neurosensory detachment in the macula, the ONSD is larger than in the fellow eye and is larger than the remaining two patients with ODP and without neurosensory detachment of the retina.

Introduction and Objective. Locally advanced rectal cancers witha high risk of recurrence need multimodal treatment Rusing neoadiuvant preoperative chemoradiotherapy or preoperative radiotherapy. Both rectal cancer surgery and the additional chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy may cause late sequelae. The aim of the study is to present a clinical situation in which a pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer has to be distinguished from therapy side effects. Insufficiency fracture (IF) is one of the therapy side-effects. It can cause pain and decrease mobility and it is a well-known late complication to pelvic radiotherapy, but can be misinterpreted as a local recurrence. Conclusions. It is extremely important to distinguish IF from metastases, which may require biopsies and initiation of potentially toxic treatments such as chemotherapy. MRI and CT scans are complementary modalities to make an accurate diagnosis of IF.