(1) Background: The regenerative procedure has established a new approach to root canal therapy, to preserve the vital pulp of the tooth. This present review aimed to describe and sum up the different approaches to regenerative endodontic treatment conducted in the last 10 years; (2) Methods: A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases, supplemented by a manual search. The search strategy included the following terms: “regenerative endodontic protocol”, “regenerative endodontic treatment”, and “regenerative endodontics” combined with “pulp revascularization”. Only studies on humans, published in the last 10 years and written in English were included; (3) Results: Three hundred and eighty-six potentially significant articles were identified. After exclusion of duplicates, and meticulous analysis, 36 case reports were selected; (4) Conclusions: The pulp revascularization procedure may bring a favorable outcome, however, the prognosis of regenerative endodontics (RET) is unpredictable. Permanent immature teeth showed greater potential for positive outcomes after the regenerative procedure. Further controlled clinical studies are required to fully understand the process of the dentin–pulp complex regeneration, and the predictability of the procedure.

Stem cells are unspecialised cells capable of perpetual self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into more specialised daughter cells. They are present in many tissues and organs, including the stomatognathic system. Recently, the great interest of scientists in obtaining stem cells from human teeth is due to their easy availability and a non-invasive procedure of collecting the material. Three key components are required for tissue regeneration: stem cells, appropriate scaffold material and growth factors. Depending on the source of the new tissue or organ, there are several types of transplants. In this review, the following division into four transplant types is applied due to genetic differences between the donor and the recipient: xenotransplantation, allotransplantation, autotransplantation and isotransplantation (however, due to the lack of research, type was not included). In vivo studies have shown that Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)can form a dentin-pulp complex, nerves, adipose, bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessels and myocardium, which gives hope for their use in various biomedical areas, such as immunotherapy and regenerative therapy. This review presents the current in vivo research and advances to provide new biological insights and therapeutic possibilities of using DPSCs.

No abstract

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of fluorescence-based caries detection systems (Diagnodent and VistaCam) for the assessment of carious lesions on archeological molars. Materials and methods: The study material consisted of teeth from the Cemetery of St. Mary Magdalene (Cmentarz sw. Marii Magdaleny) in Wrocław, Poland. A sample of 178 permanent molars from 38 skulls were examined. Five surfaces of teeth (occlusal, mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) were assessed on either basically cleaned or sandblasted teeth. Six diagnostic methods were used to detect carious lesions: the visual classification of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II), fluorescent methods (Diagnodent and VistaCam), X-ray, cone beam computed tomography and histological sections. The sensitiv-

In this paper, we test the hypothesis that indices of nutritional stress from enamel hypoplasia increase the incidence of indicators of developmental instability in fluctuating asymmetry, even in high social status individuals. The studied material consisted of a medieval sample of 58 skulls from the Wrocław area. Radiographs were taken in postero-anterior (P-A) and base projections. Images were scanned and calibrated by means of MicroStation 95 Academic Edition software, and measurements of the skull images were used to estimate fluctuating asymmetry. The presence of hypoplasia and caries was assessed using standard anthropological methods and all data was statistically analysed. The highest levels of fluctuating asymmetry were observed in the skull base region. Hypoplasia was observed in 40% and caries in 55.5%. Differences were noted in the level of fluctuating asymmetry in relationship to the presence or absence of hypoplasia, where a higher level predisposes individuals to enamel hypoplasia and a decline in buffering capacity, regardless of their socio-economic status.