Background:Lipids and lipoproteins are central to the energy metabolism of the liver, and have continued to be important in clinical practice; basically because of their association with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Abnormal lipid metabolism is linked to atherosclerosis due to rising incidence of abdominal obesity.Objective: To evaluate some cardiovascular disease risk status such as lipid profile of pregnant Normotensive and Hypertensive women and compare it with the corresponding levels in Non pregnant Normotensive women.

Clarias gariepinus were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and blood samples were collected weekly for biochemical analysis to analyse their enzyme activities and pathogenesis for four weeks. The enzymes includes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphastase (ALP), acid phosphastase (ACP) and lactate – dehydrogenase (LDH). The fish were distributed in three different groups in triplicates as: control (C1 C2 C3), A. hydrophila (A1, A2, A3) and P. aeruginosa (P1, P2, P3). After two weeks of acclimatization, A1 – A3 were injected with 1.5 ml of 106 cfu/ml of A. hydrophila, P1-P3 were injected with 1.5 ml of 106 cfu/ml of P. aeruginosa, while C1-C3 were pathogen free. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that there was a constant increase, in the enzyme activities of the infected fish, indicating increase in virulence with respect to weeks of exposure but P. aeruginosa had higher pathogenicity compared to A. hydrophila.

Gravidity, or the number of pregnancies a woman has had, is linked to a number of biochemical alterations, including changes in cardiovascular parameters. These modifications may increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease in this population. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect gravidity has on some cardiovascular markers among normotensive pregnant women. A cross-sectional study of 100 women of reproductive age was carried out at Rivers State University and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, the subjects were chosen at random for the study. Blood samples were taken and tested for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, uric acid, and Apolipoprotein A1 and B. Apolipoprotein A1 and B were all measured in blood samples for biochemical analysis. The levels of low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were determined. Graph Pad Prism Version 8.0.2.263 was used to analyze the data from the study. Result gotten from the study showed that Gravidity had no significant effect on biochemical parameters (TC, TG, UA, LDL, Apo A1, Apo B, CRP, and VLDL) in pregnant women (P>0.05), but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in HDL levels among the group; 0.87 ± 0.21 (1-2), 0.93 ± 0.21 (3-4), 0.86 ± 0.12(5-6) and 1.30 ± 0.00 for (7-8). The effect of gravidity (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8) on HDL was shown to be significant for ANOVA and Turkey post hoc multiple comparison test; (1-2 vs 7-8) (P= 0.0204) and (5-6 vs 7-8) (P= 0.0250).. This study demonstrated that gravidity had little or no effect on the biochemical parameters but increases the HDL cholesterol level in normotensive pregnant women.   

Background: In developed countries, heart disease and stroke are the major causes of death. One of the main risk factors of cardiovascular disease is dyslipidemia, and this could be due to increased lipoproteins and/or decreased plasma clearance. Pregnancy is marked with changes in metabolism in preparation for the developing fetus and lactation after delivery. Pregnancy causes long-term metabolic and vascular changes, which may raise the general risk of heart disease. Aim: The goal of this study was to see how cardiovascular indicators changed during pregnancy in hypertensive pregnant women at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: The study included 150 people who were divided into three groups: Non-pregnant hypertensive women (50), pregnant hypertensive women (50), and pregnant hypertensive women (50). (50 hypertensive pregnant women). After giving their consent, subjects were chosen using a simple random procedure. Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low lipoprotein density (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), uric acid (UA), C-Reactive protein (CRP), apoprotein A1 (APoA1), and apoprotein B (APoB1) were all measured in the lab using the venipuncture technique under fasting conditions (APoB). Results: The findings revealed that there was a significant difference in each of the examined parameters (P<0.05) between hypertensive non-pregnant, 2nd trimester, and 3rd trimester pregnant women, with the exception of HDL, TG, and VLDL (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study has shown that hypertensive pregnant women are potential future candidates of cardiovascular disease.