BackgroundThe pathological and clinical features of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) differ from those of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Several studies have indicated that patients with ILC have a better prognosis than those with ductal carcinoma. However, no previous study has considered the molecular subtypes and histological subtypes of ILC. We compared prognosis between IDC and classical, luminal type ILC and developed prognostic factors for early breast cancer patients with classical luminal ILC.MethodsFour thousand one hundred ten breast cancer patients were treated at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital from 2003 to 2012. We identified 1,661 cases with luminal IDC and 105 cases with luminal classical ILC. We examined baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of luminal ILC.ResultsThe prognosis of luminal ILC was significantly worse than that of luminal IDC. The rates of 5-year disease free survival (DFS) were 91.9 % and 88.4 % for patients with luminal IDC and luminal ILC, respectively (P = 0.008). The rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) were 97.6 % and 93.1 % for patients with luminal IDC and luminal ILC respectively (P = 0.030). Although we analyzed prognosis according to stratification by tumor size, luminal ILC tended to have worse DFS than luminal IDC in the large tumor group. In addition, although our analysis was performed according to matching lymph node status, luminal ILC had a significantly worse DFS and OS than luminal IDC in node-positive patients. Survival curves showed that the prognosis for ILC became worse than IDC over time. Multivariate analysis showed that ILC was an important factor related to higher risk of recurrence of luminal type breast cancer, even when tumor size, lymph node status and histological grade were considered.ConclusionsLuminal ILC had worse outcomes than luminal IDC. Consequently, different treatment approaches should be used for luminal ILC than for luminal IDC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2275-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is involved in bone metabolism and insulin resistance, hydrolyzes 2′,3′-cGAMP (a STING ligand that promotes innate immunity), and is associated with cancer stemness in breast cancers and glioblastoma. Therefore, ENPP1 is considered a candidate therapeutic target and/or biomarker for early diagnosis of malignant tumors. In this study, we designed and synthesized a sensitive ENPP1 fluorescence probe, Tokyo Green (TG) mAMP. We used it to screen a chemical library for non-phosphate ENPP1 inhibitors. Structural optimization of a selected hit afforded a potent and specific ENPP1 inhibitor. We further found that ENPP1 mRNA expression in tissue samples from patients with triple-negative breast cancer was significantly inversely related to recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), and TG-mAMP assay revealed a significant difference in ENPP1 activity between ENPP1 high-expressing and ENPP1 low-expressing samples. Our results suggest that TG-mAMP assay might be a rapid and inexpensive tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with malignant breast cancers.

Abstract.A positive resection margin is one of the most significant risk factors for local breast cancer recurrence following breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Intraoperative specimen mammography (SMMG) is routinely used to evaluate the surgical margin at our institution. The aim of the present study was to assess the adequacy of SMMG for margin assessment. The patient cohort included 174 women who underwent BCS in 2006. The sensitivity and specificity of SMMG were assessed by comparing the margins assessed by histological and radiological methods. It was also examined whether the rate of positive histological margins was decreased by re-excision following SMMG evaluation. A total of 23 false-negatives and 6 false-positives were determined by SMMG. The sensitivity and specificity of SMMG margin assessment for patients with primary breast cancer were 20.6 and 94.6%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 50% and the negative predictive value was 82.2%. A subgroup analysis revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of SMMG in cases with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were higher compared with those in invasive ductal carcinoma. Furthermore, the positive histological margin rate was not affected by re-excision. Although the general usefulness of intraoperative SMMG was not proven, this procedure may be useful in specific cases, particularly those with DCIS and those diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy. A prospective study with exact criteria and a standard procedure is required. IntroductionThe standard surgical treatments for breast cancer are breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. The essential purpose of BCS is to completely remove the cancer while maintaining the cosmetic appearance of the breast, which is important to the patients. Previous studies have reported that BCS followed by radiation had a similar outcome to that of mastectomy in terms of mortality rate (1-5). However, a positive margin and young age (<53-55) are significant risk factors for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) (6-8). Moreover, a meta-analysis by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group showed that local recurrence affected survival rate (9). Recently, Moran et al (10) reported that the American Society of Radiation Oncology consensus guideline uses the results of a meta-analysis of margin width and IBTR. This guideline also indicated the optimal criteria for determining margin width in BCS. However, despite numerous previous studies, the criteria for intraoperative margin assessment in BCS have yet to be established. At our institution, intraoperative specimen digital mammography (SMMG) is used to assess the resection margins in all cases of BCS. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of SMMG for achieving margin-free resection of breast tumors. Patients and methods Patients.A retrospective study of the medical records, pathological diagnosis and re-evaluation by SMMG of 426 breast cancer patients who underwent BCS at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Nagoya, Japan) between J...

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