Synthesis of water soluble compounds with high pharmacological activity is becoming increasingly difficult. Pulverization is one of the methods that can be used to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble compounds and improve their bioavailability. 1) Pulverization is an important process, especially during the discovery, clinical, and developmental stages of a drug to salvage from the dropout of compound.Phenytoin is a highly crystalline compound with a high melting point of 295-298°C and poor solubility in water. Because of its poor solubility in water, there are very few cases where the concentration of phenytoin in blood reaches the desired levels when administered at a conventional dosage. 2,3) According to a few reports, however, the dissolution rate of phenytoin was improved by reducing its particle size, thereby increasing its concentration in blood to the desired level. [4][5][6] Reducing the particle size makes the increase of surface area and as a result of it, dissolution rate of drug increases according to the Nernst-Brunner and Levich modification of the Noyes-Whitney model of dissolution. 7,8) Solubility problem could be solved by reducing particle size to nanometer range. 9)There are different techniques for pulverizing compounds to obtain nanoparticles-wet-grinding in agitated media milling, stirred media milling, wet co-grinding.10,11) However, in most cases, these techniques are difficult to be carried out. Wet milling is one of the various methods used to obtain nanoparticles of a given compound. The use of the wet mill, NanoCrystal, brought about a remarkable improvement in bioavailability by reducing the size of the particles to the nanometer range.12,13) Conventional beads milling is timeconsuming and requires a large amount of beads for pulverizing a given compound in the grinding chamber. Moreover, troublesome tasks such as the cleaning of balls and machine have to be carried out after the pulverization. The rotation/revolution mixer is used to homogenize materials such as epoxy resins, silicone resins, acrylic resins, metal pastes, inks, cosmetics, pastes, and foodstuff. In the pharmaceutical field, beads milling is used for preparing oral formulations for preclinical safety studies.14) Beads milling helps improve product quality and reduce its manufacturing process. Rotation/revolution mixer does not need much amount of compounds and can pulverize a small amount of them (mg order). It can easily scale up from very small volume to large volume. This paper reports on a method to reduce the size of the particles to the nanometer range by using a rotation/revolution mixer and zirconia balls. ExperimentalManufacturing Instruments A rotation/revolution mixer (Nano Pulverizer NP-100, Thinky Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used to pulverize the compounds. Two types of vessels made of polyacetal were used-one was convex and the other was circular, as shown in Figs. 3a, b. Zirconia (zirconium oxide) balls with diameters of 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm (YTZ-0.05, -0.1, -0.3...

Requirements for the use of IC tags on metallic objects have increased recently as systems that use IC tags have become widely adopted. We have proposed and designed a structure for an IC tag that operates on metallic objects. The structure of the IC tag consists of a conductive metal sheet at the bottom and a thin magnetic core made of a high -permeability composite sheet , which is inserted between the receiver coil and the metal sheet. With this structure, magnetic coupling between the antenna coil and the receiver coil is enhanced; furthermore, the influence of the metallic body to which an IC tag is attached is well suppressed. The method used to fabricate magnetic powders for the composite sheet is investigated together with the effect of the rolling process used to make a sheet on the magnetic anisotropy induced in the sheet. The permeability and quality factor are characterized for five samples in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1000 MHz. The best fabrication method for magnetic composite sheets is to use 0.8~1 μm size Co powders as magnetic powder material to be mixed with a resin at the weight ratio between 70 w% and 86 w%, and to apply rolling after extrusion or pulling out after extrusion for a making sheet.

Acrylonitrile–butadiene rubbers (NBR) have been widely used in many industrial applications due to their very low cost and high performance. In this study, we focus on the fabrication of NBR/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites using surfactant dispersed super-growth SWNTs (SG-SWNTs) as the nanocarbon, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for comparison. We found that the prepared NBR (15 wt %)/SG-SWNT composite showed a 10 S cm−1 conductance, which was much higher than that of the NBR (15 wt %)/MWNT composite. Such a high value would be due to the good dispersion of the/SG-SWNTs in the rubber matrix.

A metal-compatible IC tag that operates on metal objects is presented. It consists of an antenna coil with a thin magnetic sheet core and a bottom conductive sheet to isolate the antenna coil from the electromagnetic influence of the metal object to which the tag is attached. The direction of communication to/from a reader/writer is in the plane of the sheet core and parallel to the axis of the solenoidal antenna coil. Magnetic sheet core materials were developed and tested for 125-kHz and 13.56-MHz IC tags. The experimental results revealed that the operating range remained unchanged for the 13.56-MHz IC tag and that it was reduced by 15% for the 125-kHz tag when the tags were directly placed on a 3-mm-thick iron plate.