Spontaneous appearance of polypyrrole microtubes was first observed during the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in water using sodium p-toluenesulfonate as a supporting salt. Almost amorphous microtube showed high electrical conductivity (σ = 498 S cm−1) along an axis of the tube. The tube also revealed extremely high anisotropy in the electrical conductivity. The ratios of the conductivity parallel to the axis (σ) to that perpendicular to the axis in plane (σ′) and to that across the plane (σ″) are as high as 103 (σ/σ′) and 105 (σ/σ″), respectively.

Novel apatite-based photocatalyst (TiHAP) films have been prepared by wet process. The films have high transparency with little infringing color. SEM, XPS, and UV–vis analyses were carried out, and it was revealed that the obtained films were similar to TiHAP powder. The films showed photocatalytic activity against adsorbed Methylene Blue and gaseous isopropyl alcohol and no photoinduced hydrophilicity.

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