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Two levels of hydro-desulfurizing experiments using FCC decant oil were performed with a conventional petroleum hydrorefining catalyst in order to obtain detailed information on hydro-desulfurizing of feed oil and coke derived from it. Hydro-desulfurizing products and the feed decant oil were analyzed by the HPLC-MS method, and the carbonization was carried out in a small batch reactor after which properties of coke produced were measured.There is no difference with sulfur condensation ratios in cokes formed from hydro-desulfurized and unhydro-desulfurized feedstocks. Low sulfur coke clearly can be produced from low sulfur feedstocks which have beenhydro-desulfurized. Coke coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) decreases by feedstock hydro-desulfurizing, but coke CTE from the more severely hydro-desulfurized decant oil is higher than that from the mildly hydro-desulfurized decant oil .Under the severehydro-desulfurizing conditions, hydrogenation of aromatic rings occurs, as does naphthenic ring opening and dealkylation. Severehydro-desulfurizing also causes a decrease in hydrogen donor ability and an increase in the carbon number of alkyl side chain for one of compound classes.

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A modified emulsion polymerisation synthesis route for preparing highly dispersed cationic polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles is reported. The combined use of 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin- 2-yl)propane] di-hydrochloride (VA-044) as the initiator and acetone/water as the solvent medium afforded successful synthesis of cationic PS particles as small as 31 nm in diameter. A formation mechanism for the preparation of PS nanoparticles was proposed, whereby the occurrence of rapid acetone diffusion caused spontaneous rupture of emulsion droplets into smaller droplets. Additionally, acetone helped to reduce the surface tension and increase the solubility of styrene, thus inhibiting aggregation and coagulation among the particles. In contrast, VA-044 initiator could effectively regulate the stability of the PS nanoparticles including both the surface charge and size. Other reaction parameters i.e. VA-044 concentration and reaction time were examined to establish the optimum polymerisation conditions.

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