No abstract

<p>Kintaikyo-Bridge is a very special wooden five-span bridge with three arches across the Nishiki River, the largest river of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The central wooden rib arch is very rare in the world. Its structure has become a landmark because of its elegant beauty and harmony with the beautiful views of the surrounding area. It attracts many tourists. Rebuilding was carried out many times since its inauguration in 1673. The latest rebuilding was made in 2004 which was about 50 years after its previous rebuilding.</p><p>The original Kintaikyo-Bridge span length was close to the limit for construction techniques of wooden bridges at that time. In order to make a strong bridge against flood, the best mix of wood and stone was used. Arch structure was adopted in the superstructure, and hollow stone piers of spindle-shaped cross-section were adopted in the substructure. In this paper, the origin of the arch of Kintaikyo-Bridge is investigated because the arch is different from voussoir arch or corbel arch, resulting in amazing elegance.</p><p>In addition, the issue of transfer of technology in wooden structure was examined. This includes some serious problems with respect to the reduction of skilled carpenters who specialize in building wooden structures such as bridges, shrines and temples. A unique periodic inspection on Kintaikyo- Bridge conducted by Waseda University every five years since 1953 was introduced, in which the weight of local high school students was used as load.</p>

<p>A large cable-stayed bridge with low height towers is planned crossing a canal near one of the major airports in Japan. As a result of the low towers and since the angle between girder axis and cable is small, the increase of deflection of stiffening girder becomes a design issue for earthquake and wind resistance performance. In addition, there is the issue of soil-liquefaction during earthquake because the bridge is located in a reclaimed soft ground area. In order to solve these issues, structural stability of the main structure was confirmed by FE analysis. For wind resistance performance, the behavior of the bridge was examined by wind tunnel experiment, and for earthquake-resistance performance of the basement, the movement of the tower foundations was checked by 2-D dynamic effective stress analysis of the ground.</p>