in the L6 spinal cord, as markers of glial activation and central sensitization, were also evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistology.RESULTS: OAB mice showed bladder overactivity and inefficient voiding (Fig 1-a) with increased M2, M3, P2X2, P2X3, P2X4, and P2X7 levels in the bladder and increased CCL2 and CCR2 in DRG, indicating afferent hyperexcitability (Fig 1-b). CX3CR1, GFAP, and CCR2 in the L6 spinal cord were upregulated in the OAB group (Fig 1-c). However, CON mice exhibited improvements of all these parameters of afferent hyperexcitability and central sensitization. Also, CON mice showed better voiding efficiency and reduced CNS changes compared with CES mice.CONCLUSIONS: Central sensitization may be an important pathophysiological mechanism of OAB. Continuous treatment of OAB with mirabegron seems to prevent the process of central sensitization via improvement of CNS neural remodeling. Therefore, continuous OAB medication may be desirable for long-term disease control.

Introduction Vaginal cuff dehiscence and small bowel evisceration after laparoscopic radical cystectomy, although rare, can be a critical complication. However, little has been reported about it by urologists. Case presentation A 79‐year‐old woman underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma. Thirteen months postoperatively, she experienced vaginal cuff dehiscence and small bowel evisceration, and underwent emergency surgery. Intraoperatively, we detached the vaginal apex from the surrounding tissue to lengthen it and performed vaginal uterosacral ligament suspension, with no subsequent recurrence. Conclusion Urologists should pay attention to vaginal cuff dehiscence and small bowel evisceration after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in female patients. In this case, the short vaginal length without vaginal uterosacral ligament suspension might have led to vaginal dehiscence.

between 2007 and 2020. A similar cohort of men who underwent AUS placement without erosion were randomly selected from the same database for comparison. Risk factors for cuff erosion e pelvic radiation, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason score ! 8) e were recorded for each patient. Presenting signs and symptoms of erosion were grouped into three categories: obstructive symptoms, worsening incontinence, and localized scrotal inflammation (SI).RESULTS: Of 893 men who underwent AUS placement during the study interval, 61 (6.8%) sustained cuff erosion. Most erosion patients (40/61, 66%) presented with scrotal inflammatory changes including tenderness, erythema, and swelling (Figure 1). Fewer men reported obstructive symptoms (26/61, 43%) and worsening incontinence (21/61, 34%). The average length of time to cuff erosion was 22.2 months AE 33.7. Men with SI or obstructive symptoms presented significantly earlier than those with worsening incontinence (SI 14 AE 18 vs. obstructive symptoms 15 AE 16 vs. incontinence 37 AE 48 months after AUS insertion, p<0.01). Relative to the non-erosion control group (n[61), men who suffered erosion had a higher prevalence of pelvic radiation (71 vs 49%, p[0.02), hypertension (87 vs 64%, p[0.003), coronary artery disease (54 vs 12 %, p<0.00001), and smoking history (71 vs 51%, p[0.03).CONCLUSIONS: AUS cuff erosion most commonly presents as scrotal inflammatory symptoms. Obstructive voiding symptoms and worsening incontinence are also common. Any of these symptoms should prompt further investigation of cuff erosion.

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the critical structures during RALP. LSCI provided in all cases the ability to identify and additional confidence in preserving the NVB even to highly experienced surgeons. While information presented here demonstrates some early potential promise, further research and development will be required to validate utility in the NVB preservation.