Abstract:The textile processing plants utilize a wide variety of dyes and other chemicals such as acids, bases, salts, detergents, sizes, oxidants, mercerizing and finishing chemicals. Many of these are not retained in the final product and are discharged in the effluent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor to treat synthetic textile wastewater. Several experiments using Direct Red 81 and volatile fatty acids as model substrates were conducted. The problems of decolorization was evaluated at a variety of relevant operational conditions, such as substrate concentration, organic and hydraulic loading rates. The results showed that retention time of EGSB equals 1.6 h and 80 mg/L at the hydraulic and dye concentration respectively, and that the color removal efficiency can reach 90%. Additionally, some chemical additions were proposed to improve the decolorization rate and increase the treatment efficiency of the system. For instance, sulfide was added at 200 mg/L in the influent, which can increase the dye removal efficiency to 95%.
In order to examine the optimal design and operating parameters in composting of waste activated sludge, a series of experiments were conducted to discuss the optimal operating parameters for aerobic composting of waste activated sludge obtained from Vinh Loc Industrial Park that is located in Ho Chi Minh City. The study was done by optimizing the ratios of sludge/inactive fillers and sludge/microbial products to improve the composting efficiency. After 50 days of composting, the composts of all experiment batches met the microorganism-organic fertilizer standards of 10 TCN 526:2002. The study indicated that the highest efficiency decomposition was obtained at the ratio of a sludge/inactive fillers of 1/0.1 and sludge/microbial products of 1/0.05: TOC (Total Organic Carbon) reduced by 20.2%, loss of Nitrogen was trivial (0.53%), the highest temperature reached at 55.5 o C and lasting for 5 days which ensures elimination of pathogens. However, the addition of nitrogen compounds during the composting is necessary to ensure the compost product can meet the nitrogen standard of microorganism-organic fertilizer.
Nowadays, clean water is becoming more scarce. People are getting closer to the adverse effects of climate change, especially the people of Ben Tre province those are heavily affected by seawater intrusion every year. The electrodialysis (ED) model, combined with electrostatic attraction and membrane filtration, has shown the ability to handle nearly 30% of salt concentrations of 5.5−7.9 g/L. The experiment also showed that air bubbles occur when the voltage of the model is increased higher than 26V. The model also promised a stable foundation to develop into a larger−scale model with more treatment stages and low electricity consumption. Moreover, it is possible to reuse the products produced by the ED model with two separate streams: a concentrated stream that can be applied to separate salts and a dilute stream that can be used as domestic water.
Along with the development of the industry in Vietnam, the beery industry has contributed greatly to the state budget and creating jobs for labours. However, beer wastewater contains high organic matter, some wastewater discharged parameters such as BOD, COD, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc. usually exceed the permitted standards. Based on the above practice, the research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the horizontal flow wetland model, laboratory scale with organic loading rate varying from 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 kg COD/ha.day. The results show that the concentration of pollutants in the effluent can reach QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT, column A, before discharged into the environment.
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