The information and communication technology (ICT) is increasingly involved in the measurement, operation, control and protection of the cyber-physical power system (CPPS). As one of the most promising communication infrastructure projects, Starlink is a satellite Internet constellation being constructed by SpaceX for providing global Internet access, which can benefit the network service supply for the communication-enabled power system equipment in locations where the network access is unreliable, expensive, or completely unavailable. In this letter, the future applications of the Starlink space network in CPPSs are explored: the communication infrastructure and transmission parameters are discussed, and the corresponding test case was emulated in real-time on the heterogeneous co-emulation platform to validate the proposed concept of space network enhanced cyber-physical power system.

Parallel-in-time methods are emerging to accelerate the solution of time-consuming problems in different research fields. However, the complexity of power system component models brings challenges to realize the parallel-in-time power system electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation, including the traveling wave transmission lines. This paper proposes a system-level parallel-in-time EMT simulation method based on traditional nodal analysis and the Parareal algorithm. A new interpretation scheme is proposed to solve the transmission line convergence problem. To integrate different kinds of traditional EMT models, a component-based EMT system solver architecture is proposed to address the increasing model complexity. An object-oriented C++ implementation is proposed to realize the parallel-in-time Parareal algorithm based on the proposed architecture. The results on the IEEE-118 test system show 2.30x speed-up compared to the sequential algorithm under the same accuracy with 6 CPU threads, and a high parallel efficiency around 40%. The performance comparison of various IEEE test cases shows that the system's time-domain characteristics determine the speed-up of Parareal algorithm, and the delays in transmission lines significantly affect the performance of parallelin-time power system EMT simulations. Index Terms-Electromagnetic transient analysis, multi-core processors, object-oriented programming, parallel-in-time, parallel processing, power system simulation.

Transmission lines and rotating machines that widely exist in power systems should be accurately modeled in real-time electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation for obtaining precise results for hardware-in-the-loop applications. In the conventional EMT simulator, the timestep is fixed, which may lead to inefficiencies when the time constants of the system change. The adaptive timestepping (ATS) method can efficaciously solve this problem; however, the ATS schemes for the universal transmission line model (ULM) and universal machine (UM) model remain to be investigated. This article derives the ATS models for ULM and UM, and the proposed ULM model is more stable than the traditional model. Both ATS models are emulated on the parallel and pipelined architecture of the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed subsystem-based ATS scheme and the local truncation error (LTE) based time-step control enable the large-scale systems to be simulated in real time and "faster-than-real-time" modes. The IEEE 39-bus system with ATS models is emulated on two interconnected FPGA boards, and the emulation results compared with PSCAD/EMTDC and fixed timestepping (FTS) hardware emulator verify the effectiveness of the proposed models and show that the LTE of ULM and UM can be reduced by 76.5% and 62.0%, respectively, compared with the FTS simulation. Index Terms-Adaptive time-step (ATS), electromagnetic transients (EMTs), faster-than-real-time, fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGA), hardware emulation, parallel processing, real-time systems, universal machine (UM), universal transmission line.

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In the wide area measurement system (WAMS), the end-to-end transmission delay between the phasor measurement unit (PMU) and phasor data concentrator (PDC) is strictly constrained for real-time monitoring and protection applications. When a communication link failure happens, fast path recovery is required to reduce the impact of measurement losses. In this work, the promising software-defined network (SDN) technique is leveraged to compute the re-routing path in a global view upon a single link failure. More specifically, a hybrid fast path recovery algorithm (HFPR-A) is proposed based on the principle of simplicity: in some cases, the shortest path or approximate shortest path between PMU and PDC can be recovered by adding only one edge to the original forwarding tree; while in the other cases, the shortest paths can be recovered with lower computational complexity than the traditional Dijkstra's algorithm. The proposed HFPR-A is implemented on the Ryu + Mininet testbed, and the simulation results on different IEEE benchmark test power systems show that the proposed HFPR-A could find shorter re-routing paths than the existing methods with a low-enough response time.