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SummaryCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), established only a few decades ago, is widely used by clinical psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CBT on mental status and quality of life (QOL) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Seventy-five anxiety/depression patients (mean age, 52.2 ± 6.2 years, including 8 individuals < 45 years old) with CHD treated with PCI were randomly divided into a CBT group (n = 38) and control group (n = 37). The CBT group received 8 weeks of CBT in addition to the routine postoperative treatment that was also administered to control patients. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A), and Coronary Revascularization Outcome Questionnaire (CROQ-PTCA-POST, Chinese version) were administered before, 3 days, and 8 weeks after intervention. HAM-D17 and HAM-A scores were decreased after treatment, but were more substantially reduced in patients that underwent CBT than those in the control group (11.7 ± 4.5 versus 15.1 ± 3.9, P = 0.001 and 10.6 ± 3.4 versus 16.5 ± 4.6, P = 0.003, respectively). QOL was improved in both groups, but overall satisfaction was higher in the CBT group compared with control patients (89.3 ± 5.2 versus 77.8 ± 9.5, P < 0.05). CBT can relieve depression and anxiety after PCI in young and middle-aged patients with CHD. CBT can improve patient QOL. (Int Heart J 2016; 57: 167-172) Key words: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Percutaneous stent implantation, Anxiety, Depression C oronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The China Cardiovascular Disease report published in 2010 stated that the incidence of CHD in China continues to increase, and that the age at onset is decreasing.1) The relationship between CHD and a change toward a negative mental status has attracted more and more attention, particularly the clinical studies of therapeutic intervention with regards to psychological and social factors of CHD.2-4) Authors agree that many patients with CHD have persistent symptoms of depression and anxiety, 5,6) which significantly influence their quality of life (QOL) and prognosis, often leading to a vicious cycle. 7) However, whether the presence of depressive symptoms is due to depression after CHD or originates from the CHD itself is controversial. 8,9) Nevertheless, there is an association between depressive symptoms and post-CHD mortality. 10,11) Chinese studies performed by Li, et al 12) confirmed that the incidence of anxiety in young and middle-aged CHD patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was higher than that of senior patients, which is supported by other studies. [13][14][15] They stated that it might be because young and middle-aged patients are more likely to worry about the effects of stent implantation on their work and social life. These studies also found that the incidence of depression among young and middle-aged people was slightly higher than ...

Our results indicate that TCC is a promising alternative therapy to surgery in appropriate patients with RSVA. However, rare but severe procedure-related complications should be considered in the risk assessment.

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that indicates the presence of a prothrombotic state in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role of hemostatic markers in AF remains inconclusive.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between hemostatic markers and AF. A meta-regression was performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 59 studies met our inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. For platelet activation, increased circulating platelet factor-4, β-thromboglobulin (BTG) and P-selectin were significantly higher in AF cases compared with controls (standardized mean difference [SMD][95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.72[0.96–2.49], 1.61[1.03–2.19] and 0.50[0.23–0.77], respectively). For coagulation activation, increased levels of plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin, prothrombin fragment 1+2, and antithrombin-III were significantly associated with AF (SMD[95% CI]: 1.82[1.38–2.26], 0.72[0.55–0.89], 0.42[0.13–0.72], 1.00 [0.00–1.99] and 1.38[0.16–2.60], respectively). For fibrinolytic function, tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly increased in AF cases compared with controls (SMD[95% CI]: 0.86[0.04–1.67] and 0.87[0.28–1.47], respectively) but the associations became nonsignificant after performing subgroup analysis by anticoagulants treatment status. For endothelial function, increased von Willebrand factor was significantly associated with AF (SMD, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60–0.99); however, no association was observed for soluble thrombomodulin (SMD, 0.60; 95% CI, -0.13–1.33).ConclusionsIncreased circulating hemostatic factors (PF-4, BTG, P-selectin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, TAT, F1+2, AT- III, and vWf) are significantly associated with AF. Future research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanism of the prothrombotic state and how hemostatic markers promote thromboembolism in AF.