Twenty-nine species (24 genera, 6 families) of butterflies typical and common in northeast China were selected to make qualitative and quantitative studies on the pattern, hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity mechanism by means of scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measuring system. The scale surface is composed of submicro-class vertical gibbosities and horizontal links. The distance of scale is 48-91 μm, length 65-150 μm, and width 35-70 μm. The distance of submicro-class vertical gibbosities on scale is 1.06-2.74 μm, height 200-900 nm, and width 200-840 nm. The better hydrophobicity on the surface of butterfly wing (static contact angle 136.3°-156.6°) is contributed to the co-effects of micro-class scale and submicro-class vertical gibbosities on the wing surface. The Cassie equation was revised, and new mathematical models and equations were established.bionic, non-smooth surface, self-cleaning, super-hydrophobicity, butterfly, scale, mathematical model, micro/nano structure The hydrophobicity and self-cleaning characteristic on object surface have been found to have very wide applications in industrial, agricultural, domestic and military fields, such as snow proof, water proof, fog proof, pollution guarding, anti-oxidation, aerobat, submarine, radar, etc. Through long-term evolution and natural selection, the surface of butterfly wing is hydrophobic and selfcleaning. When rain or snow drops on the surface, a butterfly can self-clean, while it needs several times of effort to clean an artificial surface with the same area [1][2][3][4] . Cassie and Baxter [5] proposed that a water droplet cannot fill up the groove on rough surface, air can remain trapped below the drops, and the heterogeneous surface is composed of solid and air, and established the Cassie Model in 1944. Based on 200 water-repellent plant species, in 1997 Neinhuis and Barthlott [6] surveyed micromorphological characteristics of anti-adhesive plant surfaces, and studied the characterization and distribution of water-repellent, self-cleaning plant surfaces. Also in 1997 Barthlott and Neinhuis [7] used 9 kinds of fine powder (dried soil, quartz dusts, etc.) to artificially contaminate leaf surface of 8 plant species. Following contamination, the specimens were subjected to natural and artificial rain of various droplet sizes. On water-repellent surfaces, water contracted to form spherical droplets which ran off the leaf very quickly, even at slight angles of inclination (<5°), without leaving any residue. This self-cleaning mechanism is independent of their chemical nature or size. Due to hydrophobic surface components in connection with a microscopic roughness, many plant surfaces provide a very effective anti-adhesive property against particulate contamination. This selfcleaning mechanism is called the Lotus-Effect. In 1998 Neinhuis and Barthlott [8] studied the seasonal changes of leaf surface contamination in beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus robur) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) in relation to leaf micromorphology and wettability. ...
