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The extent monetary policy is effective in achieving financial inclusion has been scarcely investigated in the literature. Hence, this study examined the extent monetary policy is effective in achieving financial inclusion in Nigeria and whether FinTech improves or impedes this relationship. Quarterly time series data spanning from 2009 to 2019 from the Central Bank of Nigeria were used for estimations. Johansen's cointegration test and fully modified OLS were used to carry out the analysis. The result shows that measures of monetary policy effectiveness, such as inflation rate and lending rate all had a significant effect on financial inclusion in the country. It was also discovered that accounting for FinTech in the model improves the effectiveness of the monetary policy on financial inclusion in Nigeria, contrary to popular assertion that Fintech impedes monetary policy effectiveness. The study concludes by emphasizing the role of monetary policy in achieving financial inclusion in Nigeria.

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The COVID-19 pandemic ravaging the global economy has exposed not just the dominant nature of informal sector in Africa economy but also the vulnerability of the women in the continent. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between gender inequality and growth of the informal sector in Africa. Using Generalised Least Square Approach, it was discovered that gender inequality indices such as equality between male and female in getting job in the formal economy under same or similar circumstances have significant impact in the growth of the informal economy in the continent. The study concludes that if adequate effort is not made to address the gender inequality in the continent especially in formal employment that have forced many females to informal sector employment, the objective of achieving inclusive growth and development in the continent might not be realistic. The study therefore recommends that the UN and other international organisations should compensate the African women by giving the women at least 60 percent chance in all their employment as a way of increasing the economic and political power of the women in the continent.

To ensure price and economic stability, the central bank of Nigeria has adopted several unconventional monetary policy measure such as MSMEs credit intervention with the aim of boosting credit availability in specific sector of the economy. The intuition is that rise in productive activities/investment will indirectly promotes price stability the core mandate of the bank. Therefore, this study investigated the challenges facing implementation of real sector (MSMEs) intervention programmes of the CBN since year 2000 to 2020. The study employed mixed method using descriptive survey approach to sample 62 intervention programme implementers and 400 Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). The findings reveal among others that high loan default risks, politicization of programmes, and inadequate infrastructural development are the leading challenges facing programme implementers in Nigeria. Applicants' non-eligibility in programmes applied for, poor business plan or inadequate knowledge in proposed business topped the reasons for failures among applicant MSMEs. Consequently, a need for more public-private partnerships in programme design, monitoring, and evaluation to forestall political interference is advised.