To better understand how to establish Carex species from seed in created and restored wetlands, a series of experimental studies was conducted on Carex seed and seedlings. These studies included (1) the effect of seed age (1 to 18 months after collection) on viability and germination, (2) storage conditions (+4, -4 or +4/-4°C; wet or dry) on seed germination, (3) soil moisture on seed germination, and (4) soil amendments (fertilizer, topsoil, and compost) on seedling recruitment and growth. Seeds of Carex species of several provenances would not germinate to any appreciable extent once they were more than six months old. For Carex aquatilis, germination could be increased by storing its seed at either 4°C or -4°C. For Carex Iacustris and Carex stricta, seed germination decreased significantly, by about 50 to 100% in all 8 storage treatments. Germination of Carex stipata seed was highest in 1 cm of standing water, and its seed did not germinate in the driest soil moisture treatment. Carex stricta seed germination was not affected very much by soil moistures. No Carex spp. were recruited from seed in any of the field soil-amendment treatment plots. In both the greenhouse and field, the addition of compost, topsoil, and fertilizer increased the growth of Carex stricta. In a greenhouse study, above ground, below ground, and total dry mass increased linearly with the percent compost added. Our results suggest that the probability of establishing Carex spp. from seed in created and restored wetlands in the Upper Midwest would be maximized by using fresh seed, preferably seed produced earlier in the same growing season; by keeping soil moisture levels as high as possible; and by raising the soil's organic matter content, if need be, through the use of suitable soil amendments to levels found in natural sedge meadows.

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The digitization of back issues of print journals creates opportunities for bibliometric analysis using the electronic text files. Using readily available software, simple methods, and a little creativity, librarians can extract and manipulate information from database search results and from digitized journals for analysis of publication and citation behavior. The current study describes methods and results from a bibliometric and citation analysis of the electronic version of the Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. This study illustrates the opportunities as well as the challenges for bibliometrics and citation analysis in the electronic environment. As more journals migrate to the digital environment, issues of access, copyright and fair use, on-Tony L.

The possibility of a freely accessible universal open archive containing all scholarly material is quickly becoming a reality. This is especially the case for scientific information where the increase in openly available scientific material, such as e‐prints, e‐journals, as well as genetic sequences, experimental results, and statistical analyses is beyond that believed imaginable a decade ago. Not only is an array of scientific information available on the Internet as soon as it is created, but older information, as well as less mainstream information, is also being mounted on the Internet for the benefit of the global scientific community. In order to be useful, however, electronically archived materials must first be digitized and then classified and indexed in order for scientists to retrieve the information quickly and easily. How this is accomplished has a direct impact on the ways in which scientists work and communicate. The panelists in this session will discuss current research on the challenges and solutions for the digitization of scientific information employing adaptations to XML. Also a project describing how a variety of digital scientific objects can be stored and retrieved using a single generic framework based on the Open Archives Initiative standards and Dublin Core metadata will be presented. Additionally the effects of digitization on the influence of a small state scientific association's proceedings upon the communication of scientific ideas to the wider scientific community will be discussed. Lastly, a panelist will describe a project exploring the use and usability of bioinformatics databases. The panelists' insights will provide both a behind the scenes and a front stage view of the creation, management, and use of freely available electronic scientific information.

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