cell death could be an ideal solution for controlling and reducing tumor volume [8]. Numerous proteins are involved in apoptosis and thus serve as both potential targets as well as therapeutic tools in cancer treatment. A crucial event during apoptosis is the release of intra-mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins into the cytosol, which marks the point of no return in the process [9]. One of the proteins translocated from the mitochondria to the cytosol is Cytochrome c (Cyt c), a 12.7 kDa protein that is also involved in the transport of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, shuttling electrons between respiratory complex III and IV [10]. Following an apoptotic stimuli, Cyt c released from the mitochondria facilitates the assembly of the apoptosome which comprises of apoptosis activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), pro-caspase 9 and dATP and initiates the activation of the caspase cascade [11]. This mechanism can be exploited in practice by introducing Cyt c into tumor cells which can trigger apoptosis and lead to cell death. However, the intracellular targeting of proteins exhibits significant challenges and it requires the application of specific drug delivery systems. There have previously been attempts to introduce Cyt c into cells using lipid-apolipoprotein particles [12], biodegradable chimeric polymersomes [13], mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a pore surface that undergoes charge conversion intracellularly [14], biodegradable polymersomes containing Abbreviations
We present a new method for broadband marine acquisition and processing. A 3D shallow towed-streamer spread is deployed, designed to optimize the mid-and high-frequency parts of the bandwidth. In addition, data are simultaneously acquired from a small number of deeper towed streamers. The depth of these deeper streamers is optimized for the low frequencies such that the combined overall bandwidth is enhanced. Because the deep streamers will only provide the low-frequency part of the bandwidth, we can more sparsely sample these data enabling efficient acquisition scenarios as fewer streamers are required. The data are combined in processing, optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio over the entire bandwidth. The resulting data exhibit both high resolution and deep penetration, for subsalt and sub-basalt imaging, for example. In addition, inversion for acoustic impedance, imaging, and velocity model building, also benefit from the broadband result. Data acquired in this way are also more robust to poor weather conditions than conventionally acquired data. Data for a 3D case study using this new acquisition method were acquired off the NW Shelf of Australia. The streamer spread consisted of six shallow streamers towed at a depth of 6m and two deeper streamers (below shallow streamers 2 and 5) towed at a depth of 20m.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.