Highlights The patterns of practice for adaptive radiotherapy were evaluated for 177 centres. Over half performed ad-hoc adaption but less than a third used specific protocols. CBCT was the main imaging modality in general but MR was used for daily replanning. 2/3 centres wished to implement ART; 40% of them had plans to do it within 2 years. The main barriers were human/material resources and technical limitations.

Highlights Real-time respiratory motion management (RRMM) practice, evaluated for 200 centres. Sixty-eight percent of respondents used RRMM for at least one tumour site. Across all tumour sites, external marker was the main RRMM signal used. Overall 71% of respondents wished to implement RRMM for a new treatment site. The main barriers were human/financial resources and capacity on the machine.

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SUMMARYA Stern–Gerlach magnet applies a field gradient in order to deflect particles such that their magnetic moment can be determined. The design of such magnets is based on finite‐element (FE) simulations of the magnetic field and its gradient. However, inaccuracies arise when these quantities are calculated from an FE solution for the magnetic vector potential by numerical differentiation. For first‐order FE shape functions, the discretisation error for the field gradient may even fail to converge. An improved post‐processing approach marks a region in the magnet aperture where the field is post‐processed by matching a local analytical solution with the obtained FE solution. The local solution allows to derive values for the magnetic field and its gradient without reducing the convergence order of the discretisation error. The method is validated against the analytic solution for a two‐wire configuration and is applied for the design of a Rabi‐type Stern–Gerlach magnet. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new high field gradient magnet was designed for the deflection of nanoclusters according to their magnetic moment. From the Stern-Gerlach experiment, we know that the force acting on electrically neutral particles with spin is proportional to the magnetic field gradient and to the component of the magnetic moment along the field gradient. Since the magnetic moment of nanoclusters can be several orders of magnitude smaller than those of single atoms, the requirements for the magnet are a strong field , a very large field gradient and a sufficiently large beam acceptance. Since classical particle tracking codes do not include Stern-Gerlach effects but only Lorentz forces, we developed our own tracking code. This code is coupled to 2D and 3D electromagnetic simulation software. Power consumption, thermal aspects, self inductance and eddy current effects, magnetic forces, operation in saturated regime and weight considerations were taken into account.