In this paper, the origin of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) in an M -dimensional theory with Lie-N -algebra is considered. This theory which we name GLNA(Generalized Lie-NAlgebra)-theory can be reduced to M -theory with M = 11 and N = 3. In this theory, at the beginning, two energies with positive and negative signs are created from nothing and produce two types of branes with opposite quantum numbers and different numbers of timing dimensions. Coincidence with the birth of these branes, various derivatives of bosonic fields emerge in the action of the system which produce the r GUP for bosons. These branes interact with each other, compact and various derivatives of spinor fields appear in the action of the system which leads to the creation of the GUP for fermions. The previous predicted entropy of branes in the GUP is corrected as due to the emergence of higher orders of derivatives and different number of timing dimensions.

No abstract

Data from e+e– annihilation into hadrons at the center of mass energy of 60 GeV are used to study the distribution of momentum components with respect to the jet axis. At high energies, the gluon emission that leads to three jet structures represents a gross violation of the parton model without gluons and finds a most natural interpretation if gluon bremsstrahlung is included. The coupling constant, αs, is measured by two different methods, first by employing the jet clustering algorithm introduced by the JADE group. Using this method, the strong coupling constant is found to be 0.123 ± 0.004. Next, from the event shape distributions, we extract the strong coupling constant, αs, and test its evaluation with energy scale. The results are consistent with the running of αs, expected from QCD predictions. Averaging over different observables, the value of αs is determined to be 0.121 ± 0.007.

We obtain the action of Moffat's Modified Gravity (MOG), a scalar-tensor-vector theory of gravitation, by generalizing the Horava-Witten mechanism to fourteen dimensions. We show that the resulting theory is anomaly-free. We propose an extended version of MOG that includes fermionic fields.

No abstract