CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)‐Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) is a programmable gene editing tool with a promising potential for cancer gene therapy. This therapeutic function is enabled in the present study via the non‐covalent delivery of CRISPR ribonucleic protein (RNP) by cationic glucosamine/PEI‐derived graphene quantum dots (PEI‐GQDs) that aid in overcoming physiological barriers and tracking genes of interest. PEI‐GQD/RNP complex targeting the tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene mutation overexpressed in ∽50% of cancers successfully produces its double‐stranded breaks in solution and in prostate cancer (PC‐3) cells. Restoring this cancer “suicide” gene can promote cellular repair pathways and lead to cancer cell apoptosis. Its repair to the healthy form performed by simultaneous PEI‐GQD delivery of CRISPR RNP and a gene repair template leads to a successful therapeutic outcome: 40% apoptotic cancer cell death, while having no effect on non‐cancerous (HeK293) cells. The translocation of PEI‐GQD/RNP complex into PC‐3 cell cytoplasm is tracked via GQD intrinsic fluorescence, while enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐tagged RNP is detected in the cell nucleus, showing the successful detachment of the gene editing tool upon internalization. Using GQDs as non‐viral delivery and imaging agents for CRISPR‐Cas9 RNP sets the stage for image‐guided cancer‐specific gene therapy.
In the present work, the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of the two-and onedimensional honeycomb structures of recently synthesized MnO [Zhang et al. Nat. Commun., 20, 1073-1078 (2021] are investigated by using first principles calculations. Our calculations show that the single layer 2D MnO crystal has a degenerate antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state and a relatively less favorable ferromagnetic (FM) state. In addition, magnetic anisotropy calculations unveil that the easy-axis direction for magnetism originating from unpaired electron states in manganese atoms is normal to the crystal plane. Electronically, while the FM-MnO is a direct semiconductor with a narrow bandgap, AFM phases display large indirect bandgap semiconducting behavior. Moreover, calculations on nanoribbons of MnO reveal that zigzag edged ribbons display metallic bahavior, whereas armchair edged nanoribbons are semiconductors. Magnetically, for both zigzag-or armchair-edged nanoribbons, AFM order perpendicular to the nanoribbon growth direction is found to be favorable over the other AFM and FM orders. Moreover, depending on the edge symmetry and ribbon width, forbidden band gap values of nanoribbons display distinct family behaviors.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.