Knowledge about NNJ was low in this community and ineffective preventive practices were utilised. Efforts should be made to increase it, and health workers should play a leading role.

Background Poor health literacy has been associated with poorer physical and mental health function, and higher emergency department and hospital utilizations. The study was conducted to measure the prevalence of health literacy and its determinants among Lagos State residents. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three local government areas in Lagos State. Health literacy was assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screening tool (BHLS), a three-item tool with possible scores ranging between 3 and 15. Health literacy was classified as inadequate (� 9) or adequate (>9). Results A total of 1831 respondents participated in the study, among whom, 952 (52%) were women. The mean age of respondents was 31.7 (±10.5) years. Three-quarters (74.8%) of respondents had adequate health literacy. Adequate levels of health literacy were associated with being female (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07-1.71), frequent use of the broad cast media as source of information (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.70), frequent use of the internet as source of information (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.13-1.96). Adequate health literacy was also associated with having knowledge of a frequently prescribed antibiotic (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.32-2.12) and being more comfortable with the use of the English language (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32-2.22). Conclusion Gender, the use of broadcast media and the internet are predictive of adequate health literacy and should be taken into consideration in planning health interventions.

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Background Youth friendly health services (YFHS) are services that attract, respond to the needs of and retain young people for continuing care. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting utilization of government (GYFF) and non-governmental youth friendly facilities (NGYFF) in Lagos state, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 543 adolescents aged 15-24 years, between August 1, 2014 and October 31, 2014 were consecutively recruited from 10 (five government and five non-governmental) youth friendly health facilities that had been in operation for at least 6 months prior to the study. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of utilization of youth friendly health facilities. Results Overall, the mean age of respondents was 17.9 ± 2.8. However, the mean age of respondents at GYFF (18.5 ± 3.0) was significantly higher than those at NGYFF (17.1 ± 2.5) (p < 0.001). Of the 567 youths enrolled, 196 (34.6%) had good utilization of youth friendly facilities (YFF) (34% from the GYFF and 35.2% from the NGYFF). Marital status, school attendance, having a baby, satisfaction with visit, perception that information shared was kept confidential and accessibility of the youth friendly services were associated with utilization of YFF (p < 0.05). Confidentiality and access to facilities were predictors of utilization of YFF. Conclusion There is poor utilization of both government and non-governmental youth friendly services in Lagos, Nigeria. There is a need for both the government and private sector to harmonize resources aimed at encouraging utilization of YFF in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background The overall goal of this study was to determine the causative factors for pregnancy status in adolescent girls in two communities in the Lagos Island local government area. Methods A mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) study reviewing routine health facility antenatal care (ANC) records and conducting focus group discussions among 46 pregnant adolescents, exploring their views about sex, contraception, pregnancy and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, was carried out. Key informant interviews were also carried out among healthcare workers and community members to assess their perceptions of adolescents' SRH problems. Results Five percent of those accessing ANC services were adolescents. Pregnant adolescents were found to access health services at later stages of their pregnancies due to the shame and stigma associated with their condition. The presence of morbidity in the form of anaemia (33%) and HIV (2.4%) was also found in this population. Social factors such as peer pressure and the desire to develop or maintain a relationship were found to be the major reasons for initiation of sexual activity by the adolescents. There was generally poor knowledge and utilisation of contraceptives, leading to unprotected sex and, thus, unintended pregnancies. Conclusion SRH information and services should be made readily available to adolescents at all levels of care.