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A high-resolution, three-dimensional finite-difference numerical study of natural convection flows of a viscous fluid in a differentially heated cubical box is reported, The vertical sidewalls of the enclosure are maintained at constant temperatures of different values, The other vertical walls (the end walls) are thermally insulated. For the horizontal walls, two kinds of thermal boundary conditions are specified: adiabatic and perfectly conducting. Computations have been performed for an air-filled cavity for Rayleigh numbers of 10 5 and 10 6 • The specific effects of the horizontal thermal boundary conditions on the flow structure are examined in detail. In the case of conducting walls, heat transfer through the horizontal walls enhances the convective flow activities. The numerically predicted velocity and temperature profiles in the symmetry planes are consistent with previous experimental measurements and computations.

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