Detrended Correspondence analysis, DCA DCA TANIWAKI, Toru, KUNO, Haruko and KISHI, Yoichi: Comparison of ground beetle fauna on managed and short and long-term unmanaged floors in a suburban forest Abstract: Ground beetle fauna were investigated using pitfall traps at sites in a suburban coppice forest where management, such as weeding and litter cleaning, was conducted every year, and at sites that had been abandoned for a short time (since 1995) or for a long time (since 1975). The numbers of families, species, and individuals were greatest at a site that had been abandoned for a long time. The rate of Silphidae individuals was highest at each kind of site, and was higher at a site abandoned for a long time than at managed sites. The number of Eusilpha japonica, a dominant species, positively correlated with the number of years abandoned. There were positive correlations between the number of Silphidae and Curculionidae individuals, and litter amount and EC. Negative correlations existed between the total number of individuals and soil hardness and water content, and between the number of Nitidulidae individuals and relative photon flux density and soil temperature. Therefore, the reactions of ground beetles to changes of floor environment with abandoned years seemed to differ for each insect group. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed that the community structures of ground beetles at managed sites and at a site abandoned for a short time were similar, but differed from that at a site abandoned for a long time. Peculiar species groups of ground beetles were recorded in order of the number of years abandoned. Consequently, to conserve the diversity of ground beetles, mosaic forestation using forests of various floor managements is desirable.

The tryphonine parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of a serious pest of beech trees, Fagineura crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae), are reviewed. Three species, Cteniscus (Cteniscus) fagineurae sp. nov., Eridolius tanzawanus sp. nov. and Exyston elongatus sp. nov., are described. Key to main koinobiont parasitoids of F. crenativora is given.

We describe a new genus, and a new species, of parasitoid--Tanzawana flavomaculata Watanabe & Kasparyan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae)--based on material collected in Honshu, Japan. As T. flavomaculata is found on Fagineura crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), a serious pest of beech tree, this parasitoid is an important natural enemy of F. crenativora that can be used for the biological control of this pest.

Monochamus alternatus adults emerging from pine logs to which non-woven fabric strips with Beauveria bassiana were applied were reared individually under field or laboratory conditions, and their mortality was investigated. Under field conditions in 2001 and 2002, accumulated mortality on the 15th day after emergence was 95 to 99% of adults emerging from logs with strips, and 68 to 90% of adults emerging from logs with no strips. Under laboratory conditions in 2001 to 2003, the mortality was 84 to 97% for adults emerging from logs with strips and 22 to 30% for adults emerging from logs with no strips. Since the adults emerging from logs with strips died quickly under field conditions, their total area of maturation feeding within 30 days after emergence was 42-51% that of adults emerging from logs with no strips, and most females died before their ovaries matured. Even though adults emerged from logs with strips, B. bassiana was not detected in 34-43% of dead adults under field conditions and in 12-34% of dead adults under laboratory conditions. However, the death was suggested to be influenced by the application of B. bassiana.

To examine temperature and humidity conditions in pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus endai , logs that artificial pupal chambers were made inside of were set at a bare-site under direct sunlight and in a forest in the shade, and temperature and humidity of the chambers and the air at each site were recorded using thermo-recorders. The daily mean and minimum temperature, as well as the daily maximum temperature on a cloudy day, didn t show significant difference either between the sites or between inside and outside of the chamber. However the temperature of the chambers at a bare-site in the daytime on a fine day rose easily and reached to a maximum of 39.9. Humidity in the chambers didn t fluctuate diurnally. It decreased gradually with dryness of logs. Based on the results, effects of temperature and humidity conditions in the xylem on adult emergence of M. alternatus were discussed.