We herein report a rare case of primary malignant urethral melanoma developed in an elderly Japanese patient with hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. An 80-year-old female presented at our hospital with a history of urodynia and perineal pain lasting for several months. Cystoscopy revealed cystitis and urethritis with erosion. At that time, urinary cytology was negative for malignancy, although melanophages were observed. Four months later, lower abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated urethral tumors. Urinary cytology subsequently detected malignant melanoma, and a biopsy of the urethra confirmed malignancy. Although inguinal lymph node metastasis was found 16 months postoperatively, the patient has remained free of disease for more than six years after surgery and chemotherapy.

Microscopy can detect the presence of amoebic trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid and tissue. The infection was confirmed in the present case by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, but we were unable to achieve a cure. Our case rapidly progressed without any skin lesions.

A 55-year-old Japanese man presented with rapidly growing tumor in the left parotid region without any symptoms. Based on the fine-needle aspiration cytology report of parotid epithelial malignant tumor (suggestive of salivary duct carcinoma), the left parotidectomy was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examinations revealed features of salivary duct carcinoma. Although salivary duct carcinoma comprising a small proportion of salivary gland tumors and is known to be aggressive, he is free from recurrence and metastases 36 months after the surgery and radiation therapy.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the peripheral lung is a rare entity. Here we report two cases of primary ACC. Case 1 is an 84-year-old male with a past-medical history of cecal cancer presented with a 10 mm left upper lung nodule. Case 2 is a 40-year-old female who presented with 30 mm right upper lobe. Intraoperative (Case 1) and pre-operative (Case 2) histopathologic and cytologic diagnoses were consistent with a primary peripheral lung ACC. An upper lobectomy±mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed and immunohistochemical staining with thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, c-KIT and MYB on the excision specimen confirmed our diagnosis. carcinoma in the peripheral lung: a cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical report of two cases. Pathol Discov. 2015; 3:3. http://dx.