SummaryHuman apolipoprotein (apo) E plays an important role in the metabolism of cholesterol and other lipids. Apo E5 and apo E7 are genetic variants of apo E and have been detected in about 5~ of Japanese patients with hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease. The existence of apo E5 and apo E7, however, had not been reported in apparently healthy individuals except for a few family members of the patients with apo E5 or apo E7. It has been suggested that apo E5 and apo E7 are closely related to the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of apo E5 and apo E7 in apparently healthy Japanese and to analyze serum lipid levels of the individuals with apo E5 or apo E7.The apo E phenotypes of 197 apparently healthy Japanese adults were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The gene frequencies ofapo E were: ~3, 0.843; ~4, 0.112; ~2, 0.038; e5, 0.006; ~7, 0.0035. Three out of 187 subjects (1.5~) were found to have apo E5 or apo E7 in heterozygous state. Two of them were heterozygous with apo E3 (apo E3/5 and apo E3/7) and the both had normal serum lipid levels, though they were more than 50 years old. The other individual was heterozygous with apo E2 (apo E2/5) and had mild hypertriglyceridemia. As to myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and cerebral infarction, no clinically abnormal findings were detected in all the three individuals with apo E5 or apo E7.The data suggest that the frequency of the individuals with apo E5 or apo E7 is of the order of 1 X and much higher than that of the homozygotes with apo E2/2 in Japanese. The data also indicate that further genetic, epidemiologic and clinical studies are required to determine whether ~5 and ~7 act as a dominant major gene, as a recessive major gene, or as
We have carried out a health developing project for three years at two flat rural areas in Ibaraki prefecture, O in Ushiku town and N in Iwai city, taking female farmers as the subjects.As a result, people in these areas obtained by developing reciprocal assistance a belief in selfsupport and knowledge of diseases, which lead to remarkable progress of their health such as improvement of nutrition and cosolidation of agricultural and life environment. Some observations in the study are discussed below.
During winter months, lotus growers have to harvest edible roots, waist-deep in the muddy fields.In addition to such an external factor as the cold, physical labor involved is so hard that a level of stress is considered high, especially on the cardiovascular system. In this study, we examined how hard the labor is on the cardiovascular system, based on the measurements of hemodynamic parameters taken in the fields while farmers were working. The subjects were comprised of a total of 18 lotus growers-11 men and 7 women-aged between 41 and 66 years (mean: 56.7 years old).During a week before the measurement was performed, a physical examination and an anaerobic threshold (AT) test were given. In the field, each examinee carried an ambulatory electrocardiograph with him or her and levels of blood Pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and blood saturation-O2 (SO2) were measured. During work, the heart rate was elevated significantly, but did not exceed the evaluated maximum heart rate in every case. Immediately after the work, the HR returned to the level measured before the work began. No significant fluctuation was noted in BP, pressure-rate-products (PRP) and SO2 even during the work. Any sign associated with ischemia was not observed on ECG, either. Soon after the work began, the blood pressure level tended to lower in women compared with that in men and the PRP did not rise in women so much as it did in the opposite sex. However, in two elderly subjects of over 60 years, arrhythmia was noted along with the elevation of blood pressure soon after the stop of the work. These results showed that harvesting lotus roots did not bring about marked changes in the hemodynamic parameters and that the caraiovascular load was slight. However, an adequate health control system should be worked out for the lotus growers of advanced age over 60.
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