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It has been shown that T cell-mediated immunity plays a major role (4,5,(7)(8)(9)(10)12) in control of and recovery from herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Nevertheless, the mechanism of immune T cell-mediated protection in vivo is complex and poorly understood.Recent studies have revealed that peripheral T cells express different Lytalloantigens on their surfaces and are divisible into three subpopulations with phenotypes Lyt-1.2.3, Lyt-l, and Lyt-2.3 (2). Lyt-1.2.3 cells are presumed to be precursors for Lyt-I or Lyt-2.3 cells (2). Lyt-l cells are programmed to help or amplify activities of other cells after stimulation by an antigen (2). They help B cells to produce antibody and activate macrophages in the generation of the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (2). Lyt-2.3 cells are known to suppress antibody production and other immune responses, and to be cytotoxic cells (2).In this study, we have used Lyt-alloantisera for the examination of immune T lymphocytes responsible for providing protection in mice lethally infected with HSV.Six-to 10-week-old athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their littermates (nu/+) with BALB/c genetic background were purchased from the Central Laboratories of Experimental Animals Co., Ltd., Japan. When athymic nude mice were injected intracutaneously with 2.5 X 10 4 plaque-forming units (PFU) of the virulent Hayashida strain of HSV-l per 0.05 ml, all of the mice died after development of severe zosteriform skin lesions, while all of the control nul + mice survived the infection, as reported previously (10), indicating that resistance of HSV infection is T-cell dependent.In order to determine the phenotypes of committed lymphocytes responsible for HSV resistance, immune spleen cells were transferred to numu mice that were lethally infected with HSV, following treatment with various antilymphocyte sera. Anti-lymphocyte alloantisera were obtained from Cederlane Laboratories, Canada. Anti-Thy-1.2 alloantisera were produced in AKR/J mice by injecting thymocytes

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Ion mobilities at low fields have been measured over the entire liquid range in argon, nitrogen, and methane. Gas-phase values for argon and nitrogen are also given. Comparison of the ratio of electron to ion mobilities confirmed that the electron remains nearly free in argon and methane liquids but is an anion in liquid nitrogen. At T≲116 K, the product of viscosity and either cation or anion mobility is constant in liquid nitrogen under its vapor pressure. At T>118 K, an abrupt destabilization of the anion in the low density liquid occurs; the breakdown strength of nitrogen should sharply decrease. The utility of breakdown studies in liquid ethane and propane in bridging studies of cryogenic inorganic liquids to studies of normal liquid hydrocarbons is discussed.

For cation mobility μ in several simple fluids, the transition from normal gas to liquid type behavior occurs in the density region 0.5≲n/nc≲1.9, which corresponds to the viscosity region 0.6≲η/ηc≲2.5. The subscript c refers to the critical fluids and the other fluids are the coexistence vapor and liquid. The fluids range from monatomic to polyatomic molecules: Ar, Xe, N2, CH4. The semihydrodynamic equation provides a reasonable interpretation of the variation of ημ, or the equivalent ηDe/kT for neutral molecules, with η only in the normal gas regime, where n/nc<0.4 and η/ηc<0.5. Under these circumstances, nμ or nDe/kT is nearly constant. In calculating the polarization interaction contribution to the ion scattering cross section, the largest axis of polarizability of the molecule should be used. As n (or η) increases in the region 0.6<n/nc<1.6 (or 0.7<η/ηc<1.9) the value of nμ (or ημ) increases by ∼60%, whereas nDe/kT (or ηDe/kT) for neutral molecules decreases by ∼20%. The ratio (De/kTμ)n has values 5–6 in the dilute gases; the polarization interaction and clustering make the ion scattering cross sections greater than those of neutral molecules. At higher densities the ratio (De/kTμ)n decreases, due to the destructive interference of polarization interactions of an ion with more than one molecule at a time, and to a decrease of the special importance of the molecules clustered about the ion, compared to about a neutral molecule, in the dense fluid. In the dense liquid (De/kTμ)n = 2.5 in methane and xenon, and 1.7 in argon.