Several genes that encode PR (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ) domain proteins (PRDM) have been linked to human cancers. To explore the role of the PR domain family genes in breast carcinogenesis, we examined the expression profiles of 16 members of the PRDM gene family in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer specimens using semiquantitative real-time PCR. We found that PRDM14 mRNA is overexpressed in about two thirds of breast cancers; moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that expression of PRDM14 protein is also up-

Pulmonary surfactant proteins A (SP-A

A bone defect that is not repaired with bone completely is designated a non-union defect or a critical-size defect. The biological mechanism that regulates the process of bone repair of the critical-size defect remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate bone repair in a critical-size defect compared with that in a smaller or non-critical-size defect. Our original standardized rat calvarial bone defect model was used for the experiment. The rate of bone formation was examined with X-ray morphometry and the bone production of osteoblasts and osteocytes was assessed by molecular histology with in situ hybridization for type I collagen and osteocalcin. Formation of repaired bone ceased within 24 weeks in both critical- and non-critical-size defects i.e. regardless of completion of the defect repair. The results suggested that osteoblasts and osteocytes cease bone formation, and the differentiation of osteoblast progenitors declines in 24 weeks. Also, bone repair proceeds from the periosteum on both sides of the parietal bone but not from the surface of the bony edge around the original defect. The results could provide useful information for clinical research on bone repair.

We discuss the finiteness of (two-term) silting objects. First, we investigate new triangulated categories without silting object. Second, we study two classes of $\tau$ -tilting-finite algebras and give the numbers of their two-term silting objects. Finally, we explore when $\tau$ -tilting-finiteness implies representation-finiteness and obtain several classes of algebras in which a $\tau$ -tilting-finite algebra is representation-finite.

The study examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), type I collagen and osteocalcin during bone healing in a rat calvarial experimental defect model. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were used. A full-thickness standardized trephine defect was made in the parietal bone, with the rat under anesthesia. RNA was extracted from tissue that filled the original bone defect on days 1 and 3 and in weeks 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 18, and 24 and processed for quantitative analysis of expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 8, and 13 by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Alternatively, the rats were fixed by perfusion through the aorta and resected calvaria were processed for in situ hybridization for these molecules. The expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin and MMPs 2 and 13 increased toward week 2 and decreased thereafter, whereas the expression of MMP 8 was the highest on day 1. The mRNA transcripts of type I collagen and osteocalcin were localized in osteoblasts and osteocytes, some of which expressed MMPs 2, 8, and 13. Osteoblasts and osteocytes may play a role in the remodeling of extracellular matrices with MMPs during healing of a defect in bone.