Holter electrocardiogram monitoring devices are mainly indicated to assess the 24-hour heart rate and rhythm, enabling clinicians and physicians to evaluate the underlying disorders, possibly arrhythmias. The clinical significance of these modalities was apparent in different clinical events, including cardiac and non-cardiac ones. Many applications and clinical advantages were reported since the device was first reported, which changed the way how healthcare settings deal with and monitor cardiac rhythm and associated abnormalities. Evidence shows that Holter monitoring devices are useful in the appropriate patient populace and are very efficacious in diagnosing and following cardiac arrhythmias and other different cardiac conditions, which can significantly enhance the prognosis and management of cardiovascular patients. In this context, it has been shown that primary healthcare physicians should always be aware that many patients might be present with asymptomatic cardiac arrhythmias. However, not many studies have adequately assessed them in the non-cardiac population, which calls for conducting more future investigations. In the present literature review study, we aim to discuss the indications, contraindications, and clinical significance of using the Holter monitoring device based on data from the relevant studies in the literature.

Holter electrocardiogram monitoring devices are mainly indicated to assess the 24-hour heart rate and rhythm, enabling clinicians and physicians to evaluate the underlying disorders, possibly arrhythmias. The clinical significance of these modalities was apparent in different clinical events, including cardiac and non-cardiac ones. Many applications and clinical advantages were reported since the device was first reported, which changed the way how healthcare settings deal with and monitor cardiac rhythm and associated abnormalities. Evidence shows that Holter monitoring devices are useful in the appropriate patient populace and are very efficacious in diagnosing and following cardiac arrhythmias and other different cardiac conditions, which can significantly enhance the prognosis and management of cardiovascular patients. In this context, it has been shown that primary healthcare physicians should always be aware that many patients might be present with asymptomatic cardiac arrhythmias. However, not many studies have adequately assessed them in the non-cardiac population, which calls for conducting more future investigations. In the present literature review study, we aim to discuss the indications, contraindications, and clinical significance of using the Holter monitoring device based on data from the relevant studies in the literature.

Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) usually suffer from avoidance symptoms which might intervene against seeking adequate healthcare and medical consultation for their conditions. As a result of the reduced support to these patients, it has been demonstrated that PTSD symptoms usually persist based on the continuous feeling of avoidance among them. Evidence indicates the efficacy of prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD patients that are usually exposed to traumas as anger issues, comorbid depression, guilt, and alcohol overuse conditions. In the present literature review, we have discussed the concept of conducting prolonged exposure therapy for patients with PTSD and the different implications and effectiveness of telehealth in this field. Evidence indicates the effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy in managing PTSD regarding symptoms reduction of intensity and improvement. Conducting the therapy through telehealth was also reported with favorable outcomes comparable with the outcomes of the in-person interviews with no adverse events. However, drop-outs have been reported to be high among telehealth-mediated sessions, and therefore, serious approaches should be exerted to overcome these issues. Further considerations should also be provided for patients in certain situations as pandemics to enhance the quality of treatment. Finally, further research is still needed to target areas with poor access to telehealth-related modalities, and introduce the modality to the affected populations and urge local health authorities to provide easy accessibility to these patients.