In the elements of aviation structures of large size and low rigidity rubber thermal protective coatings are used, which do not collapse when the structure is deformed. The use of rubber for supersonic aircraft and spacecraft is limited due to high requirements for heat and frost resistance of materials, as well as to their stability under the conditions of radiation and in a vacuum. Therefore, the development of new rubber with improved characteristics is an urgent problem. Multiwall carbon nanotubes are among the most anisotropic materials known and have extremely high values of Young's modulus. Carbon nanotube aspect ratio of length to diameter is more than 10 3 ; this distinguishes it from other nanoparticles. New composites with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as additives were studied intensively during the last decade. Composites are characterized by extremely high specific strength properties, electrical and thermal conductivity. The effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the performance characteristics of rubbers based on nitrile-butadiene was studied with various methods of their preliminary treatment and introduction into the composition of rubbers. It was shown that the introduction of 0.5-1.0 wt. % сarbon nanotubes into elastomers of different chemical structures leads to an increase in their physic mechanical characteristics, wear resistance and aging resistance, which significantly increases the service life of such products.

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We analyzed "semiconductor" model of the "polymer-CNTs" composite strengthening at 300 K and low (0.1-0.5) wt% CNTs concentration. Carbon nanotubes are among the most anisotropic materials known and have extremely high values of Young's modulus. We investigated influence of vibration bonds on polymer crystallization and strengthening in composite films of polyethylenimine, polyamide, polypropylene and rubber with multiwall carbon nanotubes. IR absorbance maxima we evaluated after formation of composite "polyethylenimine-carbon nanotube" in the spectral area of the sp 3 hybridization bonds at the frequency of primary amino groups of polyethylenimine. High IR absorption in the spectral area of sp 3 hybridization bonds of polypropylene, polyamide-6 with carbon nanotubes is determined by γ ω (CН) and γ ω (CH 2) vibrations. We measured IR reflectance maxima of composite "rubber-carbon nanotube" in the spectral area of CH valence and deformation vibrations. The IR peak dependence on the carbon nanotube content corresponds to 1D Gaussian curve for the diffusion equation in the electric field between electrons of nanotubes and protons in polymer according to "semiconductor" model of the composite structuring. For our case of the long-acting hundreds nanometer interactions, the polymer crystallization depends on sp 3 CC bonds organization in the intrinsic electric field according to the semiconductor n-p model. Tensile strength for polyamide-6 composites at 0.25% CNTs increases 1.7 times and tensile deformation-2.3 times.

Abstract.1 The plasma-chemical method of track-etched polyethylene terephthalate membranes surface modification by monomers with different chemical structure was developed. Physico-chemical properties of modified membranes were investigated. The authors showed the possibility of obtaining membranes with the required properties.

The possibilities to enhance the properties of nanostructured surfaces have been demonstrated on "polymermultiwall carbon nanotubes" composites. Carbon nanotubes are among the most anisotropic materials known and have extremely high values of the Young modulus. Influence of sp 3 hybridization bonds on polymer crystallization and strengthening was investigated in composite films of polyethyleneimine, polyamide and polypropylene with multiwall carbon nanotubes. IR absorption maxima were measured after formation of composite "polyethyleneimine-carbon nanotubes" in the area of the sp 3 hybridization bonds at the frequency of primary amino groups of polyethyleneimine. High IR absorption at frequencies of sp 3 hybridization bonds of polypropylene, polyamide-6 with carbon nanotubes is determined by γ ω (CН) and γ ω (CH 2) vibrations as a result of the formation of CC bonds in the polymer chains, which increases the crystallization of polymers and the strength of the composites. The IR absorption peak dependences on the carbon nanotube content at frequencies of sp 3 hybridization bonds are described by a 1D Gaussian curve for the diffusion equation in the electric field. Thus, the way to improve the strength properties of "polymer-CNTs" composites is the polymer crystallization as a result of the transformation of the CC bonds in the polymer chains supported by the resonances of the primary amino groups, γ ω (CH) and γ ω (CH 2) in the electric field between the nanotubes and polymer matrix. Tensile strength for polyamide-6 composites at 0.25 % CNT increases 1.7 times and tensile deformation-2.3 times.