Background: Anaemia is a public health concern in developing nations, particularly among women of reproductive age. However, the present prevalence and recent trend in anaemia among this population are unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anaemia among non-pregnant women in Vietnam. Methods: We systematically searched databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and reference lists of earlier prevalence studies from their inception until July 2022. For statistical analysis to check for heterogeneity, random or fixed effects models were employed to summarize the prevalence of anaemia. Visual examination of a funnel plot was used to determine the presence of publication bias, which was then verified using the Egger regression test. Subgroup analyses were also undertaken to evaluate how the proportion of anaemia differs across various study groups. Results: A total of 188 studies were found as a result of the bibliographical search. Finally, of the 12 included studies, anaemia affected 5089 non-pregnant women out of a total of 19744, making the prevalence of this condition 23.2% (95% CI: 16.1-32.2). From 1995 to 2013, the prevalence of anaemia in this population declined significantly, from 42.6% to 16.9%. Notably, the prevalence of anaemia among non-pregnant women differed by geography and increased by mountains, Northern Vietnam, rural areas, and ethnic minority groups. Furthermore, no publication bias was found in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: To enhance the health of women and meet global objectives for eliminating anaemia, more efforts are required in specific regions and ethnic minority groups in Vietnam.

Background Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) associated with excess weight as a significant risk factor, but few studies have been sufficient enough to examine the magnitude of excess weight of Vietnamese adults. This review aimed to provide a generalized estimate of the prevalence of excess weight among Vietnamese adults. Methods PubMed, Scopus and national database were used to identify articles published up to May 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to rate the study quality. The data was analyzed using RStudio software, and the combined effects were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. The Cochran's Q-test and the I2 test were employed to examine heterogeneity, and subgroups were conducted. Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots were used to determine publication bias. Results 58 studies with 432,585 participants from 1998 to 2020 were suitable for inclusion in the final model after meeting the prerequisites. Over the last three decades, the combined pooled prevalence of excess weight among adults in Vietnam was 20.3% (95% CI: 15.2–26.6). Notably, this proportion has a tendency to go up between 1998 and 2020. Moreover, rates of excess weight were found to be substantially higher in non-national studies (23.1%, 17.3–30.1) compared to national studies (8.4%, 3.6–18.3) and significantly higher when Asian and Pacific cut-offs (27.6%, 20.0–36.7) were used rather than WHO classification (11.2%, 6.7–18.0). Conclusion The findings suggest healthcare professionals and policymakers should focus more on designing and implementing preventive initiatives to lower the rising prevalence of excess weight adults in Vietnam.

To synthesize previous findings on the prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) in the adult Vietnamese population, a search for peer-reviewed literature was conducted using the MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus databases through January 10, 2022. Two reviewers individually assessed abstracts and full-text articles to determine their suitability for inclusion. Only English articles were included if their results described the prevalence of PD among the Vietnamese. Among 900 potential studies, 8 cross-sectional studies with 7,262 adult participants qualified to be included. We found that overall the prevalence of PD was 64.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45-81%), with very high heterogeneity across the observed prevalence estimates (Q = 1,204.8776; df = 7; p < 0.001; I 2 = 99.42%). Further subgroup analyses stratified by age, location, sampling, study design, and region also revealed significant differences, with a higher prevalence of PD among (1) population-based studies, (2) participants aged ≥65 years, (3) participants with non-chronic diseases, (4) studies using the WHO, community periodontal index (CPI) and standard oral examinations, (5) studies conducted in Central Vietnam, and (6) studies using randomization sampling (p < 0.01) than in other populations. Sensitivity analyses validated the stability of the current findings. Within the limits of the available evidence, this meta-analysis showed a high percentage of Vietnamese adults suffer from PD. Nonetheless, the findings should be taken cautiously due to the limited number of published articles and the possibility of bias in the included research. More well-designed studies with larger sample sizes are thus required for further verification.

Background: Second-hand smoking (SHS) is associated with many health problems. However, its prevalence in the community population aged 15 years and older in Vietnam is unknown. Objectives: To quantify the prevalence of SHS in Vietnamese communities aged 15 and above. Methods: This is a meta-analysis that reviewed studies of the prevalence of SHS in Vietnam published in MEDLINE, Scopus, Pubmed and the WHO library database between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. MedCalc was used to perform all the analyses, and publication bias was determined using funnel plots and Egger regression asymmetry tests. Q-test and I2 statistic were used to identify heterogeneity across studies. Results: There were 7 articles that met our inclusion criteria 2 surveys at the national level, 3 Cross-sectional studies and 2 Case-control studies) involving 184 921 participants. According to the meta-analysis, the overall random-effects pooled prevalence of SHS was 54.6% (95% CIs: 44.900-64.154) with a high level of heterogeneity ( P = .0001, Q = 2245.60, I2 = 99.73%). It is noteworthy that the pooled prevalence of SHS rose throughout the course of the survey years. Our research found no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions: Vietnam has ratified the implementation the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, there are still a large number of people who are adversely impacted by SHS. Given the tremendous cost that SHS imposes on health systems, our results underscore the critical need for the Vietnamese government to expedite an implementation of a set of stronger tobacco control practices, thus reducing the incidence of smoking-related illnesses and fatalities.

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