Electron traps in thick free standing GaN grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy were characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy. The measurements revealed six electron traps with activation energy of 0.252 (E1), 0.53 (E2), 0.65 (E4), 0.69 (E3), 1.40 (E5), and 1.55 eV (E6), respectively. Among the observed levels, trap E6 has not been previously reported. The filling pulse method was employed to determine the temperature dependence of the capture cross section and to distinguish between point defects and extended defects. From these measurements, we have determined the capture cross section for level E1, E2, and E4 to 3.2 Â 10 À16 cm 2 , 2.2 Â 10 À17 cm 2 , and 1.9 Â 10 À17 cm 2 , respectively. All of the measured capture cross sections were temperature independent in the measured temperature range. From the electron capturing kinetic, we conclude that trap E1, E2, and E3 are associated with point defects. From the defect concentration profile obtained by double correlated deep level transient spectroscopy, we suggest that trap E4 and E6 are introduced by the polishing process. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Defects induced by electron irradiation in thick free-standing GaN layers grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy were studied by deep level transient spectroscopy. In as-grown materials, six electron traps, labeled D2 (E-C-0.24 eV), D3 (E-C-0.60 eV), D4 (E-C-0.69 eV), D5 (E-C-0.96 eV), D7 (E-C-1.19 eV), and D8, were observed. After 2MeV electron irradiation at a fluence of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2), three deep electron traps, labeled D1 (E-C-0.12 eV), D5I (E-C-0.89 eV), and D6 (E-C-1.14 eV), were detected. The trap D1 has previously been reported and considered as being related to the nitrogen vacancy. From the annealing behavior and a high introduction rate, the D5I and D6 centers are suggested to be related to primary intrinsic defects.

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR); Swedish Energy Agency

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