Genetic diversity and variation of four naturally distributed Huperzia serrata populations in Vietnam were analyzed based on the DNA fingerprint data obtained by ISSR and SCoT techniques separately and combined together. Both of ISSR and SCoT markers showed that the genetic diversity in Vietnam was relatively high at population and species level, except for the Hoang Lien population. The genetic diversity parameters of the Hoang Lien population were Nei's gene diversity index (H e) ¼ 0.1436, Shannon index (I) ¼ 0.2161, percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ¼ 45.45%; of the Bach Ma population, H e ¼ 0.21, I ¼ 0.33, PPB ¼ 71.97%; of the Ngoc Linh population, H e ¼ 0.20, I ¼ 0.31, PPB ¼ 74.24%; of the Bidoup population, H e ¼ 0.19, I ¼ 0.30, PPB ¼ 74.24%; and at species level in Vietnam, H e ¼ 0.23, I ¼ 0.36, PPB ¼ 100%. The genetic differentiation was high with a value of G ST ¼ 0.19 and the number of migrants was estimated through gene flow as Nm ¼ 2.16 individuals per generation among populations. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 28 and 72% of the total variation were among and within populations, respectively. The genetic diversity and genetic variation parameters of the investigated populations depended on the type of techniques used for DNA fingerprinting and also on the nature of each population. However, there was a high correlation and general trends among the obtained data sets when using ISSR, SCoT and the combination of these techniques.
Multispectral imaging has recently shown good performance in determining information about physiology, morphology, and composition of tissue. In the endoscopy field, many researches have shown the ability to apply multispectral or narrow-band images in surveying vascular structure based on the interaction of light wavelength with tissue composition. However, there has been no mention to assess the contrast between other components in the middle ear such as the tympanic membrane, malleus, and the surrounding area. Using CT, OCT, or ODT can clearly describe the tympanic membrane structure; nevertheless, these approaches are expensive, more complex, and time-consuming and are not suitable for most common middle ear diagnoses. Here, we show the potential of using the multispectral imaging technique to enhance the contrast of the tympanic membrane compared to the surrounding tissue. The optical absorption and scattering of biological tissues constituents are not the same at different wavelengths. In this pilot study, multiwavelength images of the tympanic membrane were captured by using the otoscope with LED light source at three distinct spectral regions: 450 nm, 530 nm, and 630 nm. Subsequently, analyses of the intensity images as well as the histogram of these images point out that the 630 nm illumination image features an evident contrast in the intensity of the tympanic membrane and malleus compared to the surrounding area. Analysis of such images could facilitate the boundary determination and segmentation of the tympanic membrane (TM) with high precision.
Changes of the blood vessels and collagen are associated with the development of abnormal cervical cells. Recently, optical coherence tomography and Mueller polarization images were used to provide information regarding the presence of collagen fibers in the cervical tissue. However, most of these methods need a lot of time for image recording and are expensive. In addition, the general survey on the absorption and distribution characteristics of collagen and blood in the cervical is still lacking. In this study, we developed a colposcopy combining cross-polarized image and image processing algorithm with an efficient analytical model to map the distribution of blood and collagen in the uterine. For this system’s proof of concept, we captured and processed the case of cervical ectopy and Nabothian cyst. The results show that the distribution of blood and collagen maps matched with anatomical and physiological when compared with Lugol’s iodine images. This technology has some advantages, such as low cost, real time, and can replace the use of acetic acid or Lugol’s iodine in the future.
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