Sắc ký khí ghép nối detector ion hóa ngọn lửa và bộ lấy mẫu tự động không gian hơi (HS-GC-FID) là phương pháp đơn giản và tiết kiệm để xác định đồng thời methanol, ethanol và isopropanol trong mẫu máu và rượu. Trong nghiên cứu này, nhiệt độ ủ mẫu và thời gian ủ mẫu tối ưu lần lượt là 70 °C và 20 phút. Nồng độ của các chất phân tích được xác định bằng phương pháp nội chuẩn sử dụng chất nội chuẩn là acetonitrile. Khoảng tuyến tính của các chất được dao động từ 1 đến 500 mg/dL. Phương pháp đã được thẩm định với độ chính xác cao thông qua hiệu suất thu hồi đạt >98% và độ chụm tốt với độ lệch chuẩn tương đối <0,1% với cả mẫu máu và mẫu rượu. Giới hạn phát hiện của cả ba chất phân tích đạt <0,5 mg/dL. Phương pháp phân tích này rất đơn giản, thích hợp được sử dụng như phương pháp phân tích thường quy tại các phòng thí nghiệm thực phẩm, sinh hóa lâm sàng và pháp y.
Due to struggle finding in the communication of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) learning in inclusive middle schools, those children have performed significant limitations in initiate a greeting, interaction, and a dialogue with their peers. Those difficulties greatly become barriers to the learning process as well as the integration of students. The article is aimed to provide research results in developing communication of children with ASD through setting up 08 educational activities of a 4-step procedure to apply communicative skills as follows: (1) Actively and maintaining communication with people; (2) Recognizing and handling situations of saying thank you and sorry; (3) Adhere to basic principles of communication; (4) Expand the conversation and help people. 2 educational activities on instructing children with ASD to implement each step in one skill were developed to model each step of the communicative skill application procedure. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ skill performance by mean score increasing from M = 1.5 to M = 2.85.
A simple and cost-effective method for simultaneous determination of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol in human blood and white spirit samples using headspace gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) was developed and validated for clinical and toxicological purposes. In this study, the headspace sampling procedure was investigated, indicating optimized temperature of 70 °C in 20 min. Concentrations of target compounds were determined by internal standard (IS) method with acetonitrile as IS compound. A good resolution of chromatographic peaks was achieved. The linear ranges for all the compounds were from 1 to 500 mg/dL. Our method was validated with adequate accuracy (recovery > 98%) and precision (RSD < 0.1%) in whole human blood and white spirit samples. The limits of detection were below 0.5 mg/L for the three compounds. This method is easy to perform, making it suitable for routine analysis in clinical biochemistry and forensic laboratories.
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