The high rate of deforestation and fragmentation of elephant habitat on Sumatra Island has triggered human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. This conflict brings negative impacts on humans and elephants. Despite numerous efforts having been made to solve this problem, the HEC continues to occur in the remaining elephant enclave every year. The harmonious coexistence between humans and elephants could be improved through HEC mitigation programs. The aim of this paper was to review information on HEC in Sumatra Island, investigate the causes and implications of HEC, review existing HEC mitigation methods, and formulate strategies to improve the harmonious coexistence between humans and elephants. The best strategies to create successful human and elephant coexistence are strengthening the institutions and policies, restoring the habitat, developing wildlife corridors, establishing Essential Ecosystem Areas (EEA), community empowerment through ecotourism, providing legal access to forests through Social Forestry (SF), and providing compensation schemes for conflict victims.

In Indonesia, ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. et Binnend.) is found naturally only in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Nowdays, exploitation of this species is still happening and therefore it tends to become distinct. At the other hand, there are still a lot of aspects that need to be studied. This study focused on morphological diversities, ecology, mother trees, and conservation of ulin in Kalimantan. Result of the study indicates that ulin has a very high diversity in morphological characters, both vegetatively and generatively (especially on shape and size of the fruits or seeds). Ecologically, ulin trees grow well in humid tropical forests, non innundated lands up to 500(-625) m above sea level, on flat areas surrounding the streams and rivers, on undulating lands, slopes and ridges. Regarding to thesoil conditions, the habitat of ulin is usually sandy, low pH and low macroscopic chemical elements (N,P,K). The potency of ulin as mother trees in nature vary from 22.11% to 32.30% of the total existing population. In connection with the conservation efforts, the in-situ and ex-situ conservations have been implemented; however, security and control for the conservation areas (mainly in-situ) need to be more improved.

Study on the strategy for ecotourism development in proboscis monkey ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang strategi pengembangan ekowisata pada habitat bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb.) telah dilakukan di Kuala Samboja, Kalimantan Timur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang hasil analisis potensi obyek ekowisata pada habitat bekantan dan alternatif strategi pengelolaannya. Analisis SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Treath) dilakukan untuk menyusun strategi pengembangan ekowisata di habitat bekantan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan matrik posisi SWOT terletak pada posisi konservatif yaitu Strategi W-O (kelemahan-peluang). Beberapa strategi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu: membangun kelembagaan, paket wisata integratif, paket wisata petualangan ilmiah, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, dan kegiatan promosi. Kegiatan pengembangn ekowisata diharapkan dapat menjadikan habitat dan populasi bekantan yang baik melalui kegiatan rehabilitasi dan memberikan pendapatan tambahan bagi masyarakat sekitar.

Study on regeneration potential and distribution of (30-39,9 cm, 40-49,9 cm and 50-59,9 cm) was high (3,86 trees/ha, 4,57 trees/ha and 3,29 trees/ha, respectively). On average the conopy occupy the stratum C.Keywords: species composition, regeneration potential, distribution, phenotype, Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck ABSTRAKPenelitian potensi regenerasi dan penyebaran Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck dilakukan di Tegakan Benih Teridentifikasi (TBI) Saka Kajang, Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi regenerasi dan penyebaran S. balangeran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis vegetasi metode jalur berpetak. Petak yang dibuat sebanyak 12 yang ditempatkan secara purposive sampling. Sedangkan data penyebaran pohon diperoleh dengan memetakan seluruh pohon S. balangeran dbh >10 cm dan mencatat kondisi fenotifnya. Hasil penelitian

A study of vegetation characteristic of proboscis monkey's (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) habitat at Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan was conducted by establishing line-plots sampling method. The result recorded 46 plant species belonged to 44 genera and 31 familie growing in the habitat. Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. is the most dominant species of the vegetations, with stages of tree, pole, and seedling, each with the Important Value Index (IVI) of 262.7%, 113.6%, and 60.3%; respectively, while at the sapling stage, Hibiscus tiliaceus L. dominated the vegetation with the IVI of 70.0%. The most common tree species used by proboscis monkey for general activities like eating, resting, and sleeping included S. caseolaris (L.) Engl. and Heritiera littoralis Dryand. The plant species that produced food for this animal included S. caseolaris (L.