Sexual minorities are stigmatised in much of sub-Saharan Africa, restricting their access to sexual health services and undermining their mental health. Although public attitudes and social representations inform the experience of sexual stigma, little is known about how young Africans make sense of sexual diversity. We conducted a thematic analysis of 56 texts contributed by young people from 10 countries in response to a prompt in a scriptwriting competition inviting participants to 'tell a story about someone who is attracted to people of the same sex'. We analysed accounts of the origins of same-sex attraction, a prominent theme in the narratives. Two-thirds of the texts provide an explicit or implicit explanation, presenting same-sex attraction as innate (15/38) and/or the consequence of environmental influences (32/38), including parental behaviour, gender separation, trauma, foreign influences and evil spirits. Expressions of the potential to avert or cure same-sex attraction are common. Young people's sense-making around sexual diversity draws on available sociocultural and symbolic resources, some of which may be highly stigmatising, and reflects local, national and transnational influences. The need to explain same-sex attraction and the preponderance of harmful explanatory frameworks compounds sexual minority youth's vulnerability to sexual stigma, harmful coping strategies and mental health challenges.

Guatemala has one of the world's highest teenage pregnancy rates and 92% of young people report not using contraception for first sex. We conducted narrative-based thematic analysis of a sample of narratives (n = 40; 15 male-authored, 25 female-authored) on HIV and sexuality, submitted to a 2013 scriptwriting competition by young people aged 15-19 years from Guatemala's Western Highlands. Our objective was to identify dominant cultural scripts and narratives that deviated positively from that norm with a view to informing the development of educational curricula and communication materials promoting youth sexual and reproductive health. The narratives are characterised by romantic themes and melodramatic plotlines: three in four had tragic endings. Rigid gender norms and ideologies of enduring love make female characters blind to the potential consequences of unprotected sex and vulnerable to betrayal and abandonment. Unprotected sex is the norm, with contraception and sexually transmitted infection protection mentioned rarely. In the four positively deviant narratives, female and male characters' interaction is based on mutual respect, dialogue and genuine affection. The narratives reveal opportunities for action to increase sexual health knowledge and access to services and to challenge harmful cultural scripts, potentially by leveraging the positive value attached to romantic love by authors of both sexes.

Narrative is a primary tool in human meaning-making and communication. Frequently value-laden, it plays an important role in global public health communication and advocacy efforts. State-endorsed homophobia is widespread across much of sub-Saharan Africa, severely restricting access to sexual health services and undermining human rights and mental health for sexual minorities. Young Africans' narratives about same-sex attraction (SSA) can both inform message framing and provide a source of creative ideas for communication and advocacy efforts. We conducted an analysis of 56 narratives about SSA submitted by young people aged 13-24 years from 10 African countries to a spring 2013 scriptwriting competition in response to a prompt inviting participants to 'Tell a story about someone who is attracted to people of the same sex.' We categorised the narratives across a spectrum of attitudinal perspectives vis-à-vis SSA and identified characteristics of each category, ranging from condemnation (including characterising SSA as satanic), through ambivalence (e.g. 'love the sinner, hate the sin'), to acceptance, activism (including petitioning for same-sex marriage), and normalisation. The texts shed light on potential message frames and cultural narratives that can be countered or leveraged in communication efforts to improve the health and human rights of sexual minority Africans.