This communication explains the designing of two-port based hybrid radiator for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) applications. Hybrid radiator includes U-shaped printed line and ring dielectric resonator antenna (ri-DRA). Wideband characteristics have been achieved by exciting both the U-shaped printed line along with ri-DRA. The U-shaped metallic line acts as a magnetic dipole and helps to excite fundamental hybrid mode (HE 11δ ) in the ri-DRA. Dual L-shaped and a rectangular defect have been created in ground plane for achieving wideband isolation over the working frequency band. Optimized Scattering parameters and far-field results are verified by fabricating and testing of antenna prototype. Experimental outcomes confirm that the proposed MIMO antenna gives wider impedance bandwidth (80%), improved port isolation (better than 18 dB), stable gain (~4 dB), and radiation pattern. Various MIMO performance factors are analyzed and instituted in the tolerable boundaries. K E Y W O R D S diversity performance, MIMO antenna, ring DRA, wideband
This article investigates a dual band multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (cDRA) for WLAN and WiMAX applications. It consists of two symmetrical orthogonally placed radiators. Each radiator is excited through a narrow rectangular aperture with the help of a microstrip line. For higher mode excitation, the proposed structure uses dual segment DRA which apparently looks like stacked geometry. The aperture fed dielectric resonator works as a feed for upper cDRA to generate higher order mode. The presented radiator covers the band between 3.3‐3.8 GHz and 5‐5.7 GHz. The measured isolation is better than 20 dB in the desired band. The average gain and radiation efficiency achieved for the proposed antenna is 6.0 dBi and 85%, respectively at the operating frequency band. In the proposed geometry, broadside radiation patterns are achieved by exciting HEM11δ and HEM12δ modes in a stacked geometry. Different MIMO performance parameters (ECC, DG, MEG, and CCL) are also estimated and analyzed. The prototype of proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured outcomes are in good accord with the simulated one.
Filtering impulse noise with edge details preservation is an important task during denoising. In this proposed method if the pixel is detected as a noisy pixel, then it undergoes edge preserving process to detect whether the pixel is a corrupted pixel or edge. This step improves the impulse noise removal especially at higher noise densities using an adaptive window in the filtering process. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing decision based median and standard median filter in terms of PSNR and SSIM which showed improved performance.
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