In this study, the contents of dust and associated heavy metals on roadside plants were investigated to assess their foliar transfer. The study was con ducted at six different locations (four roadside and two industrial) near an industrial area in Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh), India. Six metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) were examined in this study. The con centrations of heavy metals in foliar dust were found to be in the order of Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. How ever, this relative order changed in the case of leaf concentrations to Fe>Mn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr. The metal concentrations in the dust and leaves can be attributed mainly to industrial and vehicular emis sions. In contrast to other metals, Cd showed signif icant accumulation in the leaves compared to the re spective dust samples. This study showed different patterns in the distributions of heavy metals between the dust deposited on the leaves and the metal accu mulated in the leaves. These results suggest that the dust retention and heavy metal accumulation in na tive plant species should be explored in an attempt to manage these hazardous metallic elements.
In this article, we discuss about the seasonal variations in the monoterpene emission rates and chemical composition of monoterpenes from selected tropical tree species of Central India. The highest normalized total average monoterpene emission rates (normalized at 30°C) from all the plant species were found in summer followed by rainy and winter seasons, respectively. The composition of individual monoterpene compounds emitted from all the tropical plant species showed significant seasonal variations. Nine monoterpene compounds were determined across three seasons from these selected plants: α‐pinene, β‐pinene, and limonene represented up to 72.6% of the total monoterpene emission. Although the main compounds emitted were α‐pinene, β‐pinene, and limonene, the other minor compounds were also found at varying emission rates. α‐Terpinene and carene were not observed in Eucalyptus globulus and Pongamia pinnata during winter and rainy seasons. Sabinene was only recorded from Azadirachta indica. We have thus observed clearly that the seasonal as well as monthly variations in chemical composition of monoterpene emission rate are species specific. Furthermore, the effect of environmental variables such as temperature (TEM), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), relative humidity, and carbon dioxide from plant species in distinct seasons revealed that the monoterpene emissions were mainly temperature (TEM) and PAR dependent.
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