BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Risk stratification algorithms (RSAs) can reduce antibiotic duration (AD) and length of stay (LOS) for early-onset sepsis (EOS). Because of higher EOS and antibiotic resistance rates and limited laboratory capacity, RSA implementation may benefit low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Our objective was to compare the impact of 4 RSAs on AD and LOS in an LMIC nursery. METHOD: Neonates <5 days of age admitted for presumed sepsis to a Kenyan referral hospital in 2019 (n = 262) were evaluated by using 4 RSAs, including the current local sepsis protocol (“local RSA”), a simplified local protocol (“simple RSA”), an existing categorical RSA that uses infant clinical examination and maternal risk factors (CE-M RSA) clinical assessment, and the World Health Organization’s Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guideline. For each RSA, a neonate was classified as at high, moderate, or low EOS risk. We used к coefficients to evaluate the agreement between RSAs and McNemar’s test for the direction of disagreement. We used the Wilcoxon rank test for differences in observed and predicted median AD and LOS. RESULTS: Local and simple RSAs overestimated EOS risk compared with CE-M RSA and the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guideline. Compared with the observed value, CE-M RSA shortened AD by 2 days and simple RSA lengthened AD by 2 days. LOS was shortened by 4 days by using CE-M RSA and by 2 days by using the local RSA. CONCLUSIONS: The local RSA overestimated EOS risk compared with CE-M RSA. If implemented fully, the local RSA may reduce LOS. Future studies will evaluate the prospective use of RSAs in LMICs with other interventions such as observation off antibiotics, biomarkers, and bundled implementation.

This retrospective is a group effort between my children and me to make sense of their literacies over the past 26 years. Sharing in the authoring of this retrospective, we take a look back at the ways those literacies unfolded across their childhood. Emily, Tristan, and Simon used different literacies to define who they were and to construct a literate ethos. They each engaged with literacies in powerful and life transforming ways. They used multiple literacies together to help them learn, understand and create meaning more fully. Their stories demonstrate the need for young children to engage with multiple literacies to fully develop as literate adults. This retrospective supports the idea that literacies are complex, motivated, multimodal, semiotic, social, discourse dependent, and imbedded in specific practices.

In 1998 the Government announced its plans to introduce a single stream of funding to finance housing‐related support services to vulnerable people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The new Supporting People funding regime for housing with support began in April last year. In October the Government announced an independent review of the programme to look at what the grant is being used for, variations between local authorities' costs and patterns of provision, and where savings from other local budgets might have been made. The Journal is now presenting a series that gives several perspectives on the programme. This first looks at the impact on housing providers and suggests ways forward which balance the need for change with that for stability.

If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

Why changes are neededMaking It Work (National Housing Federation, 1997), produced by the original financial and legal advisory panel FLAP, aimed to clarify relationships between housing associations and managing agents operating in the supported housing field. It applied the concept of 'principal and agent' to working arrangements and was based on the continuing role of the housing association as both landlord and a channel of revenue funds from the Housing Corporation which enabled 'intensive housing management' to take place.Supporting People alters a lot of the thinking that provided the context to Making It Work.With the establishment of local authorities as funders of support services, the provision of housing and support will no longer be a simple 'principal and agent' matter. In practice, where agencies are involved, provision will be a tripartite operation with