Background Lupus nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, OMIM #15200) in the Asian population and a main contributor to mortality and morbidity. In this study, we evaluate the variants on three genes STAT4, CDKN1A, and IRF5 and their association with lupus nephritis. Method One hundred fifty‐two SLE patients with confirmed lupus nephritis (through biopsy) and 76 healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping of SNPs on three gene STAT4, CDKN1A, and IRF5, phenotypic, and laboratory assessment were performed; renal biopsy and classification were carried out for the patient group. Results Carriers of rs7582694 C alleles on STAT4 have higher risk of lupus nephritis (OR 2.0; 95% CI [1.14, 3.19]; p = 0.015), at higher risk of hematuria and higher serum level of dsDNA antibodies compared to controls (p < 0.05) and were more likely to have nephrotic histopathology grading of class III or higher. No association was observed for CDKN1A; and no variation was observed for the IRF5 gene in both the study and control group. Conclusion This study investigates the relationship between STAT4, CDKN1A, and IRF5 gene and SLE in a Vietnamese patient population. Patients with the C allele (STAT4) in rs7582694 were associated with a more severe disease phenotype.

The impact of driving cycle on exhaust emissions of buses in Hanoi was presented in this article. A typical driving cycle of buses in Hanoi was developed based on the real-world driving data, and it also was assessed that has a good conformity with the real-world driving data. The typical driving cycle and European Transient Cycle part 1 (ETC-part1) were used to estimate vehicle emission according to different driving cycles. The obtained results showed that emissions level of CO, VOC, PM, CO2 and NOx of the buses were very different between two driving cycles, especially CO2 and NOx. This paper, therefore, reconfirms the necessity of the development of the typical driving cycle before conducting the emission inventory for mobile sources. Tác động của chu trình lái tới sự phát thải của xe buýt tại Hà Nội đã được trình bày trong bài báo này. Một chu trình lái đặc trưng của xe buýt Hà Nội đã được xây dựng dựa trên dữ liệu hoạt động ngoài thực tế của phương tiện, và chu trình lái này cũng đã được đánh giá có sự phù hợp rất cao với dữ liệu lái ngoài thực tế. Chu trình lái đặc trưng và chu trình thử ETC-part1 được sử dụng để đánh giá phát thải của phương tiện theo các chu trình lái khác nhau. Các kết quả đạt được cho thấy mức độ phát thải CO, VOC, PM, CO2 và NOx của xe buýt rất khác nhau giữa hai chu trình lái, đặc biệt là CO2 và NOx. Do đó, bài báo khẳng định sự cần thiết phải xây dựng chu trình lái đặc trưng trước khi thực hiện kiểm kê phát thải đối với nguồn động.

. High levels of fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine (PM0.1) particles in the atmosphere can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. This study aims at determining the mass concentrations of PM and meteorological influencing factors in high pollution event days in Hanoi. Daily samples of PM2.5 and PM0.1 were collected at a mixed site in Hanoi, Vietnam, from the middle of October to December 2020. High pollution events were determined based on PM2.5 concentrations and analyzed for its average concentration and intensity (number of days). The regression analysis and correlation matrix were determined by R software, version 4.04. Seven high pollution events were recorded for 2.5 sampling months. The daily PM2.5 concentrations were in the range of 19 - 147 µg/m3. Those of PM0.1 varied from 2 to 13 µg/m3 with an average of 6 µg/m3. The investigated meteorological factors can explain 70% PM2.5 variation but only 47% of PM0.1 variations.