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This paper presents an empirical investigation on the perceptions of individual investors about the impact of accounting disclosures on their decision makings on the stock exchange market. The study uses some quantitative methods with survey questionnaires sent to investors participating in the Vietnam stock market. By using SPSS 22, the research develops a research model with 11 accounting information groups (factors) which are measured by 82 items. The results indicate that the income information significantly affected investors' decisions on buying, selling and holding securities while the information on assets, the accounting principles and policies had little impact on individuals' investment decisions. The voluntary disclosures, however, show more effects than mandatory disclosures on the investors' decision making.

Providing protection in multi-domain optical networks amounts to ensure protection of the inter-domain connections. Due to scalability issues, almost all previous studies focused on heuristics and on networks of small size. In this study, under the assumption of a single link failure scenario, we propose a fully distributed network management scheme where inter-domain working traffic is protected with a shared link protection scheme and intra-domain working traffic is protected with a shared path protection scheme. The new fully distributed protection scheme relies on a two level protection scheme, where each protection level is optimized thanks to a large scale optimization ILP model that allows the exact solution of quite large instances. We then investigate a parallel implementation of the newly proposed distributed scheme, and solve exactly data instances for very large multi-domain optical networks, i.e., up to 45 domains.

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Postharvest anthracnose caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex is considered one of the most important diseases in mango (Mangifera indica L.) worldwide. The current approaches used to control mango anthracnose rely mainly on fungicides, which are costly and both labour intensive and time consuming in their application. Genetic resistance offers potential for control of this disease. However, in Australia, relatively little information is known about the susceptibility of Australian commercial mango cultivars to pre-and post-harvest anthracnose. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess the varietal resistance of Australian commercial mango cultivars to anthracnose by assessing the direct response in both leaves and fruit; (ii) elucidate the differences in defence mechanisms between the resistant and susceptible cultivars and (iii) investigate methods other than fungicide application and /or genetic resistance to manage postharvest anthracnose in mango.A leaf assay was developed to assess the susceptibility of mango leaves to anthracnose.For this purpose, a series of different leaf screening assays were undertaken from 2012 to 2016 using Collletotrichum asianum, a fungal pathogen belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex known to be a causal agent of postharvest anthracnose in mango. Mango leaves were harvested and screened at four standard leaf stages including: flush red, early green, green and dark green. Results from the present study clearly demonstrated that maintaining the leaves at high humidity for 7 days after incubation of detached leaf assays is the key factor to induce the typical anthracnose symptoms on flush red and early green leaves. Whereas, the older leaves were observed to be resistant to anthracnose as no symptoms were induced following inoculation at either the green and dark green leaf stage. Comparison between the cultivars showed that mango cvs. Kensington Pride and Keitt were resistant in the leaf assays, whereas mango cvs. R2E2 and Brooks were found to be the susceptible cultivars. However, light microscopy studies of conidial germination and appressorial formation of C. asianum on early green leaves indicated no differences among the cultivars 'Keitt', 'Kensington Pride'and 'R2E2'.The susceptibility of fruit to postharvest anthracnose in Australian mangoes was studied in the 2013, 2014 and 2016 mango seasons following inoculation with C. asianum.Additionally, assessment of disease severity following natural infections caused by ii Colletotrichum species were made in these years. In the 2013 mango season, fruit of the cultivars 'Kensington Pride', 'Keitt', 'Kent' and 'Brooks' were harvested at the commercial harvest stage, this however led to the significant differences in the fruit maturity among all tested mango cultivars. In order to achieve the consistency in fruit maturity at harvest to assess the varietal resistance to postharvest anthracnose, in subsequent years, 2014 and 2016, fruit of 'KP' and 'Keitt' were harvested at different times, f...