The acoABCL and acuABC operons of Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 are strongly induced at the transcriptional level during glucose starvation conditions. Primer extension analyses of this study indicate that the acoABCL operon is controlled by a sigmaL-dependent promoter and the acuABC operon by a sigmaA-dependent promoter. Transcription at the acoA promoter is repressed by glucose but induced by acetoin as soon as the preferred carbon source glucose is exhausted. The acuA promoter shows a similar induction pattern, but its activity is independent from the presence of acetoin. It is demonstrated that the acoABCL operon is mainly responsible for acetoin and 2,3-butanediol degradation in B. licheniformis.

Services are the vital part of a service-oriented architecture. Their development and design are essential parts of the development and implementation of a service-oriented architecture. Thus, numerous approaches in research and practice exist that refer to different aspects of service design. These are focused on specific needs or aspects in service design. According to the literature review provided in this paper, no single service design approach covers all the aspects that are needed for the implementation and deployment of a service-oriented architecture. Beside the literature review this paper provides a service design approach that combines the existing methods and approaches. The goal is its further development towards a service design method for service design in research and industry.

Clays (especially bentonite) are widely used as barriers in landfills to prevent contamination of subsoil and groundwater by leachate containing heavy metals or toxic organics. However, the future application of bentonite nanomaterials is still limited due to complicated and expensive preparation process requiring several steps, toxic chemical agents, or additional surfactants. In this study, a green approach was proposed to produce bentonite nanoplatelets by an ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method using natural clay minerals containing bentonite as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by SEM, BET, AFM and XRD. The produced material was used to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by batch adsorption. Results showed that the bentonite nanoplatelets gave high adsorption ability with Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 312.50 mg/g, which could be a good adsorbent for removing dyes and other toxic organics in wastewater.

The study presents the results of the adsorption ability of phosphate ion (PO43-) in aqueous solution using ZnO nanomaterials fabricated by electrochemical method. The effects of initial pH (1-8), contact time (0-180 minutes), initial adsorbent dosages (0.2-1.2 g/L), and initial concentrations of PO43- ion (10-100 mg/L) have been studied at ambient temperatures (25°C±2°C). The results found the optimal conditions for adsorption of PO43- at pH=5, 90 minutes of equilibrium time, and 0.6 g/L of adsorbent dosages. The model of Langmuir has been found perfectly adequate to describe the equilibrium results of adsorption and the maximum capacity has been determined to be 101,01 mg/g. The results are promising for the use of ZnO nanomaterials to remove PO43- ion from the aqueous solution as well as the application of wastewater treatment in real conditions.