Summary The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone in patients with new‐onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after renal transplantation. Twenty‐two patients with NODM after renal transplantation were selected to receive rosiglitazone therapy. All patients received prednisone, 15 patients were treated with tacrolimus and seven patients received cyclosporine A. For 16 of the 22 patients treatment with rosiglitazone therapy was successful and mean fasting blood glucose decreased from 182 ± 17 to 127 ± 7 mg/dl. Six patients were not treated successfully with rosiglitazone alone, one patient needed a second oral antidiabetic agent and four patients insulin therapy. In one patient rosiglitazone was stopped because of edema after 5 days. There were no changes either in serum creatinine concentrations, or cyclosporine and tacrolimus blood levels respectively. Treatment with rosiglitazone appears to be safe and effective in patients with NODM after renal transplantation.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a concerning health issue worldwide, and this resistance leads to poor treatment outcomes and high mortality, especially, AMR of NP in ICU. To determine the reality of AMR and find the factors related to AMR of NP in the ICU. We performed a cross-sectional study in the ICU Department from July 2015 to July 2019. We calculated the incidence of the degree of multidrug-resistant strains and the percentages of factors related to AMR. Data management and analysis were performed by SPSS version 22.0. Of the initial observation of 281 patients, all participants had NP due to gram-negative bacteria; 91 (32.4%) were early-onset and 190 (67.6%) were lately-onset NP. Out of all pathogens examined, above 80% were resistant to quinolone, carbapenem, and cephalosporin. Moreover, multiple drug resistance in bacteria was about 87.5%. Furthermore, bacteria, changed anti-biotics have been significantly associated with the multi-resistance of bacteria. Besides, the increase in antibiotic use, especially ciprofloxacin and imipenem, is also related to antibiotic resistance. These results show that the resistance to quinolones, carbapenem, and cephalosporin is high in the ICU, with rates exceeding 80%. Furthermore, the bacteria, change of antibiotics, and the increasing use of antibiotics have been significantly associated with multiple antibiotic resistance.

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