Purpose This study aims to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and employee voice behavior and the role of relational identification and work engagement as mediators in the same. Design/methodology/approach This study uses structural equation modeling to analyze the data from a questionnaire survey of 251 Taiwanese hospitality industry employees. Findings The findings demonstrate that transformational leadership has significant relationships with relational identification, work engagement and employee voice behavior and that relational identification and work engagement sequentially mediate between transformational leadership and employee voice behavior. Practical implications The results of this study provide insights into the intervening mechanisms linking leaders’ behavior with employees’ voices, while also highlighting the potential importance of relational identification in organizations, especially concerning the enhancement of employees’ work engagement and voice. Originality/value The findings reveal the mechanisms by which supervisors’ transformational leadership encourages employees to voice their suggestions, providing empirical evidence of the sequential mediation of relational identification and work engagement. The results help clarify the psychological process by which leaders influence their followers.

The purpose of this study is to compare the relationship between job satisfaction and job involvement of teachers with urban-rural discrepancy, as well as to include it into moderator for investigation according to organizational climate theory. Therefore, this case study involves teachers from cities (N=354) and countries (N=446), and requested them to complete the questionnaire on cities or countries, job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational climate. In the end, the research results showed that, the job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational climate of teachers in rural areas are higher than those of those in urban areas. The multi-group structural equation model (SEM) analysis found that: in this research structural model, there was indeed a significant difference in teaching involvement between teachers working in schools in urban areas and those working in schools in rural areas. In addition, organizational climate of both schools in rural areas and those in urban areas have a positive effect on teachers' job satisfaction and job involvement. Moreover, under the interaction between high organizational climate and job satisfaction, teachers' job involvement will be improved. The research results verified the influence of school urban-rural discrepancy on teachers, and further proved the argument about influence on students' educational achievement.