Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is complex and determined by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and their influence on obesity, insulin resistance, and related traits associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Some dynamic markers, including adiponectin (ADIPOQ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), are implicated in MetS; however, the influence of their genetic variants on MetS susceptibility varies in racial and ethnic groups. We investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP interactions among nine SNPs in six genes with MetS’s genetic predisposition in Mongolian subjects. A total of 160 patients with MetS for the case group and 144 healthy individuals for the control group were selected to participate in this study. Regression analysis of individual SNPs showed that the ADIPOQ + 45GG (odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, p = 0.011) and P+P+ of LPL PvuII (OR = 2.10, p = 0.038) carriers had an increased risk of MetS. Conversely, G allele of LPL S447X (OR = 0.45, p = 0.036) and PGC-1α 482Ser (OR = 0.26, p = 0.001) allele were estimated as protective factors, respectively. Moreover, a haplotype containing the G-P+-G combination was related to MetS. Significant loci were also related to body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG), adipokines, and insulin as well as insulin resistance (p < 0.05). Our results confirm that ADIPOQ + 45T > G, LPL PvII, and PGC-1α Gly482Ser loci are associated with MetS in Mongolian subjects.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the subjective and objective measurements in assessing before and after nasal septoplasty with and without turbinoplasty surgery. Methods: This was a hospital-based pre and post clinical trial study of 80 patients with nasal septal deviation treated with nasal septoplasty with or without turbinoplasty in 2019- 2020. Nasal patency was recorded subjectively and objectively before and 2.5 months after surgical treatment using a visual analogue scale (VAS), nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE), sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-23) questionnaires, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measure and internal nasal valve (INV) grading. Results: Nasal septoplasty (38 patients) and septoplasty with turbinoplasty (42 patients) were performed on 80 patients (60 males; 20 females) with a mean age of 37.5 years. The results showed a significant improvement of nasal passage condition in scales of VAS, NOSE, SNOT-23, as well as INV grading, and PNIF values after surgery. Septoplasty with turbinoplasty showed greater improvement in VAS and PNIF scores than septoplasty alone and this was even more significant for bilateral PNIF scores. Conclusion: We found VAS, NOSE, INV grading and PNIF measures to be reliable instruments in reporting results of surgery.